目的 评价蕲艾Artemisia argyi的抗炎活性，筛选其最佳抗炎活性部位，确证其对溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis，UC）的治疗作用。方法 采用脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides，LPS）诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7建立体外炎性细胞模型，给予蕲艾水部位、正丁醇部位、醋酸乙酯部位、石油醚部位进行干预，观察各组细胞形态；采用Griess法测定各组细胞上清液中一氧化氮（nitrite oxide，NO）水平；采用ELISA法检测各组细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）、IL-1β水平；采用qRT-PCR法检测各组细胞TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2，COX-2）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase，iNOS）和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3，NLRP3）mRNA表达情况。利用超高效液相色谱（UPLC）法对最佳抗炎活性部位的主要化学成分进行定量分析。建立2.5%葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sodium sulfate，DSS）诱导的小鼠UC模型，给予蕲艾醋酸乙酯部位和异泽兰黄素，记录各组小鼠体质量、摄食量和饮水量变化，并进行疾病活动指数（disease activity index，DAI）评分；测量结肠组织长度，并采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法观察各组小鼠结肠组织病理变化；采用免疫组化法检测各组小鼠结肠组织紧密连接蛋白-1（zonula occluden-1，ZO-1）表达情况。结果 与模型组比较，10 μg/mL蕲艾醋酸乙酯部位能够抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞的分化程度，显著降低上清液中NO、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平（P<0.01），下调TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、COX-2、iNOS和NLRP3 mRNA表达水平（P<0.05、0.01）。异泽兰黄素在蕲艾醋酸乙酯部位中具有最高的质量分数，为该部位中的主要成分。与对照组比较，模型组小鼠体质量明显降低（P<0.01），DAI评分升高（P<0.01），结肠长度缩短（P<0.01），结肠组织中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β和COX-2 mRNA表达水平显著升高（P<0.01），ZO-1表达减少；给予蕲艾醋酸乙酯部位和异泽兰黄素后，上述指标均得到显著改善（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 蕲艾醋酸乙酯部位具有最佳的体外抗炎活性，醋酸乙酯部位及其主要成分异泽兰黄素对UC小鼠有较好的治疗作用。

Objective To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Qiai (Artemisia argyi), screen its best anti-inflammatory activity site and confirm its therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was used to induce mouse mononuclear macrophages RAW264.7 to establish an in vitro inflammatory cell model. The water part, n-butanol part, ethyl acetate part and petroleum ether part from A. argyi were intervened, cell morphology of each group were observed; Griess method was used to determine the level of nitric oxide (NO) in supernatant of each group; ELISA method was used to detect levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in supernatant of each group; qRT-PCR method was used to detect mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in each group. UPLC method was used to quantitatively analyze the main chemical components of the best anti-inflammatory active sites. UC mice model was established by 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), ethyl acetate part from A. argyi and eupatilin were given to intervention, the changes of body weight, food intake and water intake of mice in each group were recorded, disease activity index (DAI) score was performed; Length of colon tissue was measured, and pathological changes of colon tissue of mice in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method; Immunohistochemical method was used to detect zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) expression in colon tissue of mice. Results Compared with model group, 10 μg/mL A. argyi ethyl acetate part inhibited the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS, significantly reduced the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant (P < 0.01), down-regulated the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS and NLRP3 mRNA (P < 0.05, 0.01). Eupatilin had the highest mass fraction in ethyl acetate part from A. argyi, and was the main component in this part. Compared with control group, the body weight of mice in model group was significantly reduced (P < 0.01), DAI score was increased (P < 0.01), the length of colon was shortened (P < 0.01), expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA in colon tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and ZO-1 expression was decreased; After given the ethyl acetate part from A. argyi and eupatilin, the above indicators were significantly improved (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion The ethyl acetate part from A. argyi has the best anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, ethyl acetate part from A. argyi and its main component eupatilin have a good therapeutic effect on UC mice.

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国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC1700704）；中央本级重大增减支项目（2060302）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-21）；湖北省现代农业产业技术体系项目（HBHZD-ZB-2020-005）