目的 探索喜炎平注射液治疗手足口病的临床应用特征，为真实世界研究指导临床实践提供数据支持。方法 提取全国29家3级甲等医院喜炎平注射液治疗手足口病患者电子医疗数据，运用统计描述和关联规则Apriori算法进行分析。结果 使用喜炎平注射液治疗手足口病的患者年龄中位数（四分位数）2（1，3）岁，男女比例为1.75∶1，常见的并发症为病毒性脑炎、心肌损害和中枢性呼吸衰竭。单日用药剂量为（80.81±35.52）mg，用药疗程多在4～7 d，住院费用多为5000元以下。联合化学药使用一系列对症药及复方氨基酸、维生素类等营养类药物；联合中药使用了大比例清热剂和部分外用药；喜炎平注射液联合用药关联规则中最频繁的药物项集均出现甘露醇。结论 手足口病临床主要采用对症治疗，联合用药的关联规则分析提示喜炎平注射液联用甘露醇对手足口病合并神经系统受累症状的患者治疗最多。临床用药过程中存在一些不合理的情况。

Objective To explore the clinical application characteristics of Xiyanping Injection (喜炎平注射液) in the patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), so as to provide data support for real-world research directing clinical practice. Methods The electronic medical record of patients with HFMD treated by Xiyanping Injection were extracted from 29 large-scale 3A hospitals in China, analyzed by statistical description and association rule Apriori algorithm. Results The median (quartile) age of the patients were 2 (1, 3) years old and the ratio of male to female was 1.75∶1. The common complications of patients were viral encephalitis, myocardial damage and central respiratory failure. The average daily dose was (80.81±35.52) mg, the course of treatment was commonly 4—7 d, and the most hospitalization expenses were less than 5000 yuan. A series of symptomatic drugs and compound amino acid, vitamins and other nutritional drugs were prescribed. For combined traditional Chinese medicine was prescribed a large proportion of heat-clearing agents and some external drugs. Association rule result indicated that mannitol was most commonly used in combination with other drugs. Conclusion Symptomatic treatment was mainly used in HFMD and the association rules of combined medication reflect the treatment of neurological involvement by Xiyanping Injection combined mannitol. But, there seems to be irrational phenomena inn the clinical course of medication.

R285.64

国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1707400，2018YFC1707410）