抑郁症是一种以情绪低落和兴趣缺乏为特征的高发病率精神疾病，严重影响患者及其家庭的生活质量。抑郁症发病的免疫炎症假说为近年来研究热点，其中NLRP3炎症小体作为一种固有免疫中的关键蛋白质复合物，与多种疾病密切相关。研究发现NLRP3炎症小体与抑郁症的关联体现在神经炎症、能量代谢、氧化应激、神经内分泌及肠道菌群等方面，中药则可直接或间接干预NLRP3相关通路以减轻神经炎症、抑制氧化应激、促进神经发生等方式治疗抑郁症。通过分析相关文献报道，归纳、总结了NLRP3炎症小体在抑郁症中的作用及中药干预作用的研究进展，旨在为抑郁症的治疗及抗抑郁新药的研发提供一定科学借鉴。

Depression is a high incidence rate of mental illness characterized by depression and lack of interest, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their families. The hypothesis of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression is a hot topic in recent years. As a key protein complex in innate immunity, NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to many diseases. Studies have found that NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with depression in the aspects of neuroinflammation, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine and intestinal flora. Traditional Chinese medicine can directly or indirectly intervene in NLRP3 related pathways to reduce neuroinflammation, inhibit oxidative stress, and promote neurogenesis. In this article, through the analysis of related literature, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in depression and the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention were summarized, aiming to provide certain scientific reference for the treatment of depression and the development of new antidepressant drugs.

R282.710.5

四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目（20YYJC0640）；成都中医药大学"杏林学者"学科提升项目（QNXZ2018022，CXTD2018014）