目的 研究氮、磷、钾肥配施对七叶一枝花Paris polyphylla var.chinensis中皂苷类成分含量的影响，以优化七叶一枝花最佳氮、磷、钾配施方案，为其合理施肥提供科学依据。方法 以3因素5水平二次回归通用旋转组合设计安排田间试验，采用UPLC-ELSD法测定七叶一枝花中7种皂苷含量，通过方差分析建立回归方程（经F检验），利用模型分析氮、磷、钾配施对各皂苷含量的影响，使用统计频数法筛选最优施肥方案。结果 贡献率分析表明，氮肥对重楼皂苷II、V的贡献率最大，磷肥对重楼皂苷H、纤细薯蓣皂苷的贡献率最大，钾肥对重楼皂苷I、VI、VII的贡献率最大。单因素分析表明，氮、磷、钾对重楼皂苷VII、VI含量有极显著影响（P<0.01）；互作效应分析表明，不同浓度的氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的协同作用显著提高重楼皂苷VI的含量；根据回归模型分析最佳施肥范围，取交集得氮、磷、钾肥最优施肥范围分别为516.39~557.19、2771.70~2848.20、461.61~502.65 kg/hm²。结论 建立了重楼皂苷与氮、磷、钾肥配施的相关性回归方程模型，有利于七叶一枝花中皂苷类成分含量的提高，为合理施肥提供科学性依据。

Objective To investigate the effect of NPK application on the contents of saponins in Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, so as to optimize the best NPK application for P. polyphylla var. chinensis, which provided some scientific basis for its rational fertilization. Methods A field experiment was carried out with three factors and five levels second order regression current rotation design, and the contents of seven kinds of saponins were determined by UPLC-ELSD. The regression equation was built via variance analysis with F-test, the effect of NPK application on the content of saponins was analyzed by model analysis, and the optimum NPK application was selected by frequency statistic method. Results Results of contribution rate analysis showed that N fertilizer made the highest contribution to polyphyllin II and V, P fertilizer made the highest contribution to polyphyllin H and gracillin, and K fertilizer made the highest contribution to polyphyllin I, VI and VII. Single factor analysis showed that NPK application had a very significant impact on the content of polyphyllin VII and VI (P<0.01). The interaction effect analysis showed that the synergistic effect of NPK application could significantly increase the content of polyphyllin VII. The optimum NPK application areas were 516.39-557.19 kg/hm², 2771.70-2848.20 kg/hm² and 461.61-502.65 kg/hm², respectively. Conclusion The regression equation model was established between the contents of polyphyllins in P. polyphylla var. chinensis and NPK application, which could be beneficial to increase the contents of saponins in P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and provide a scientific basis for rational fertilization.

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国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1708005）；四川省科技计划项重点研发项目（2021YFS0043）；西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助（2021PTJS35）