目的 以小分子药效物质回收为目的，解析膜法废水处理中的重要问题——膜选择；筛选对含蛋白质的中药制药废水可进行有效处理的超滤膜。方法 选取7种常用于废水处理的超滤膜（PES5K、PES10K、PES20K-M、PES20K、PS20K、RC20K、PVDF100K）进行膜筛选实验；采用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和小檗碱为主要物质模拟含蛋白质的中药制药废水。以膜通量、截留率、小分子透过率为考察指标，测试膜运行过程的操作参数；采用接触角表征膜表面亲、疏水性；进而运用扩展的德亚盖因-兰多-弗韦-奥弗比克（the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek，XDLVO）理论解析筛选出高分离性能、耐污染且适宜于处理含蛋白质中药制药废水的超滤膜。结果 PES5K膜总界面自由能最小，膜污染程度较小，该结果与膜滤过实验数据一致，实际运行中PES5K膜通量稳定，化学需氧量（COD）截留率达79.8%、蛋白质去除率超过95%，小檗碱保留率83.75%，符合“双膜法”废水处理的优选原则。结论 PES5K膜可作为处理含蛋白质中药制药废水的优先选择；为膜法中药制药废水处理的材料优选提供了新的解决策略。

Objective With the aim of recovering small molecular pharmacodynamic substances, the membrane selection, an important problem in membrane wastewater treatment, was analyzed to screen the ultrafiltration membrane which can effectively treat the pharmaceutical wastewater containing protein. Methods Simulated solution of TCM pharmaceutical wastewater rich in protein organics was configured with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and berberine as the main substances, seven different types ultrafiltration membranes (PES5K, PES10K, PES20K-M, PES20K, PS20K, RC20K, PVDF100K) were selected to conduct membrane filtration tests. Membrane process experiments (flux, rejection, small molecule transmittance) and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the membranes were measured by contact angle measuring instrument, and combined with the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory to screen the ultrafiltration membrane with high separation performance, pollution resistance and suitable for the treatment of protein-containing Chinese medicine pharmaceutical wastewater. Results The results showed that the total interface free energy of PES5K was the smallest, and the membrane pollution index was relatively light. It was found that the membrane flux of PES5K membrane was stable, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) retention rate was 79.8%, the rejection rate of BSA was as high as 95%, and the permeation rate of berberine was 83.75%. It accords with the optimal principle of "double membrane method" for wastewater treatment. Conclusion PES5K can be used as the first choice for treating protein-containing TCM wastewater. This research provided a new solution strategy for the selection of materials for membrane method for TCM pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

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国家自然科学基金项目（81673610）；国家自然科学基金项目（81873015）；国家自然科学基金项目（81773919）；国家自然科学基金项目（81803744）；国家自然科学基金项目（81274096）；国家自然科学基金项目（81303230）；国家自然科学基金项目（81773912）；中国工程院重点咨询研究项目（2017-XZ-08）；国家科技支撑项目（2006BAI09B07）；国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项（2011ZX 09401-308-037）；国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项（2011ZX09401-308-008）