目的 在比较超滤膜和蒸汽渗透膜对广藿香挥发油提取效率的基础上，提出膜法中药挥发油提取的适用范围，进而对工艺设计中的关键技术问题进行解析。方法 选取聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜材料，分别采用超滤、蒸汽渗透膜技术对广藿香挥发油进行提取分离；从挥发油收率、膜分离前后挥发油理化性质等方面，综合分析比较超滤、蒸汽渗透膜技术对广藿香挥发油的提取效率。对膜法中药挥发油的提取工艺进行比较分析，提出新型工艺设计的关键技术参数。结果 超滤技术和蒸汽渗透技术对广藿香挥发油的收率分别为84.87%、78.46%；从化学组成看，PVDF膜在蒸汽渗透膜分离过程中对广藿香挥发油中醇、酮类成分的亲和透过具有一定的影响；从红外光谱检测结果看，PVDF膜在蒸汽渗透膜分离过程中所透过油在3600~3650 cm^-1的官能团峰强度显著减弱，即PVDF膜在蒸汽渗透膜分离过程中截留了挥发油中的醇、酮类成分，对醇、酮类成分的透过具有显著性影响。结论 超滤法和蒸汽渗透法均为较好的广藿香挥发油富集方法，相比于超滤，蒸汽渗透膜技术对广藿香挥发油具有更好的分离效果。而超滤法趋向于广藿香挥发油中醇酚等含氧基团类成分的富集，蒸汽渗透法更趋向于烯类成分的富集。膜技术作为一种新型分离技术，其分离工艺的设计和优化对分离体系具有重要影响。

Objective On the basis of comparing the extraction efficiency of volatile oil from Guanghuoxiang (Pogostemon cablin) with ultrafiltration membrane and vapor permeation membrane, the application range of volatile oil extraction from traditional Chinese medicine by membrane method was put forward, and the key technical problems in the process design were analyzed. Methods PVDF membrane materials were selected, and UF and VP membrane technology were used to extract the volatile oil from P. cablin. The comprehensive analysis and comparison of UF and VP membrane technology on the extraction efficiency of P. cablin volatile oil were analyzed from the aspects of yield of volatile oil, the physical and chemical properties of the volatile oil before and after membrane separation. The extraction process of the volatile oil of P. cablin by membrane method was compared and analyzed, and the key technical parameters of the new process design were proposed. Results The yield of essential oil by UF and VP membrane methods was 84.87% and 78.46%, respectively. In terms of chemical composition, PVDF membrane had a certain influence on the affinity and permeation of alcohol and ketone components in the volatile oil of P. cablin during the process of VP membrane separation. According to the results of infrared spectrum detection, the peak intensity of functional group of the oil permeated by PVDF membrane in the process of VP membrane separation was significantly weakened in the range of 3600-3650 cm⁻¹, that is, the alcohol and ketone components in the volatile oil were trapped by PVDF membrane in the process of VP membrane separation, which had a significant impact on the permeation of alcohol and ketone components. Conclusion Both ultrafiltration and vapor permeation are better methods for the enrichment of essential oil from P. cablin. Compared with ultrafiltration, VP membrane technology has better separation effect on essential oil from P. cablin. The ultrafiltration method tended to enrich the oxygen-containing groups such as alcohols and phenols in the volatile oil of P. cablin, while VP membrane method tended to enrich the alkenes. Membrane technology is a new separation technology, the design and optimization of its separation process has an important impact on the separation system.

R283.6

国家自然科学基金项目（81873015）；国家自然科学基金项目（81673610）；国家自然科学基金项目（81773919）；国家自然科学基金项目（81803744）；国家自然科学基金项目（81274096）；国家自然科学基金项目（81303230）；国家自然科学基金项目（81773912）；中国工程院重点咨询研究项目（2017-XZ-08）；国家科技支撑项目（2006BAI09B07）；国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项（2011 ZX09401-308-037）；国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项（2011ZX09401-308-008）