哮喘是由多种细胞和细胞组分参与的气道慢性炎症性疾病，其发病率在世界范围内呈上升趋势。目前吸入激素治疗作为持续性哮喘的主流治疗方法，但对于哮喘的控制仍不理想。植物精油可以通过减轻气道炎症、改善气道顺应性、抑制气道重塑、消除过敏原和增加机体对过敏原的耐受性等方面控制哮喘症状。当前，植物精油对哮喘防治的研究正在蓬勃发展，并成为哮喘防治的潜在补充策略。但植物精油中的一些活性成分属于生物挥发性有机化合物，属于环境污染的来源之一和过敏原，从而引起过敏反应对哮喘患者症状控制不利。综述了植物精油的抗哮喘作用及其安全性。

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with the involvement of multiple cells and cellular components. The incidence of asthma is on the rise worldwide. Inhaled corticosteroid has been recommended as the mainstream treatment for persistent asthma, however, it is still not satisfactory for asthma control. Essential oils extracted from plants have been reported to control asthma symptoms by mitigating airway inflammation, improving airway compliance, inhibiting airway remodeling, eliminating allergens and improving the tolerance of body to allergens etc. At present, research on essential oils for the treatment of asthma is booming, and essential oils are quickly becoming an alternative treatment for asthma. However, some biological volatile organic compounds in essential oils are one of the sources of environmental pollution and allergens, which may cause allergic reactions and are detrimental to the symptom control of asthma patients. Antiasthmatic effects and safety of plant essential oils are reviewed in this paper.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82060733）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（81960732）；江西省自然科学基金资助项目（20181BAB215041）；江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（GJJ180606）；江西省科技厅重大科技研发专项（20194ABC28009）；江西中医药大学现代中药制剂教育部重点实验室开放基金资助项目（TCM-201911）