目的 建立寒热药性对正常动物影响的评价系统，通过探讨怀菊花Chrysanthemi Flos对正常大鼠物质、能量代谢的影响，评价怀菊花的寒热药性。方法 SD雄性大鼠适应性喂养1周，随机分为对照组、黄柏组、黄连组、黄芩组、花椒组、干姜组、肉桂组及怀菊花组。每天上午9：00给药，对照组给予矿泉水，各给药组给予其水煎提取物，不间断给药9 d后，水合氯醛麻醉后处死动物，摘取肝脏备用。检测各组大鼠体质量、肛温，末次给药后检测大鼠5 min内的自主活动次数。ELISA法检测物质能量代谢相关指标GS、PEPCK、HK、PFK-1、PK、PYGL、ICD、PDHC、ACC、malonyl-CoA、HSL、GK、HMGR、GDH、UCPs、CCR、COX、ADK、ATPs、ATP的水平。Werstern blotting法检测腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase，AMPK）信号通路关键蛋白的表达。结果 在正常动物实验中，典型寒性中药黄柏、黄连、黄芩能够显著降低大鼠肛温、自主活动次数以及PEPCK、PFK-1、PK、PYGL、ICD、PDHC、HSL、GK、HMGR、GDH、UCPs、CCR、COX、ADK、ATPs的水平（P<0.05、0.01），显著升高malonyl-CoA的水平（P<0.05、0.01），显著抑制磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α（p-AMPKα）蛋白的表达（P<0.05）；而典型热性中药花椒、干姜、肉桂能够显著升高大鼠肛温、自主活动次数以及PEPCK、PFK-1、PK、PYGL、ICD、PDHC、HSL、GK、HMGR、GDH、UCPs、CCR、COX、ADK、ATPs的水平（P<0.05、0.01），显著降低ACC、malonyl-CoA的水平（P<0.05、0.01），极显著促进p-AMPKα蛋白的表达（P<0.01）。怀菊花能够显著降低大鼠肛温以及PEPCK、HK、PFK-1、PYGL、ICD、PDHC、HSL、GK、GDH、CCR、ADK的水平（P<0.05、0.01），极显著抑制p-AMPKα蛋白的表达（P<0.01），表现与典型寒性中药相同的趋势。结论 怀菊花能够显著降低正常大鼠物质能量代谢水平，与典型寒性中药趋势相同，这与《中国药典》记载的菊花药性"微寒"相符，故基于正常动物物质能量代谢状况建立的评价系统用于评价中药药性是可行性的。

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the cold and heat properties of Chrysanthemi Flos by exploring the effects of Chrysanthemi Flos on substance and energy metabolism in normal rats. Methods SD male rats were fed adaptively for one week and were randomly divided into normal group, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex group, Coptidis Rhizoma group, Scutellariae Radix group, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium group, Zingiberis Rhizoma group, Cinnamomi Cortex group and Chrysanthemi Flos group. Mineral water was given to the NC group at 9 am every day, and water decoction extract was given to each group. After 9 d of continuous administration, blood was taken from the abdominal aorta to keep the serum for use, and liver were taken for use. Body weight, anal temperature and number of voluntary activities within 5 min after the last administration were measured. The ELISA kit was used to detect the levels of GS, PEPCK, HK, PFK-1, PK, PYGL, ICD, PDHC, ACC, malonyl-CoA, HSL, GK, HMGR, GDH, UCPs, CCR, COX, ADK, ATPs and ATP. The expression of AMPK and p-AMPK, the key proteins of AMPK signaling pathway in rat liver tissue were detected by Werstern blotting method. Results In the normal animal experiment, the typical cold traditional Chinese medicine (Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Coptidis Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix) group could reduce the anal temperature, the number of spontaneous activity and the levels of PEPCK, PFK-1, PK, PYGL, ICD, PDHC, HSL, GK, HMGR, GDH, UCPs, CCR, COX, ADK, ATPs (P<0.05, 0.01), increase the level of malonyl-CoA (P<0.05, 0.01) and inhibit the expression of p-AMPKα protein (P<0.05), while the typical febrile traditional Chinese medicine (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Zingiberis Rhizoma and Cinnamomi Cortex) group could increase the anal temperature, the number of spontaneous activity and the levels of PEPCK, PFK-1, PK, PYGL, ICD, PDHC, HSL, GK, HMGR, GDH, UCPs, CCR, COX, ADK, ATPs (P<0.05, 0.01), decrease the levels of ACC and malonyl-CoA (P<0.05, 0.01), and stimulate the expression of p-AMPKα protein (P<0.01). Compared with the normal group, Chrysanthemi Flos group could reduce the anal temperature, the number of spontaneous activities and the levels of PEPCK, HK, PFK-1, PYGL, ICD, PDHC, GK, GDH, CCR and ADK (P<0.05, 0.01), and inhibit the expression of p-AMPKα protein (P<0.01). The effect was the same as that of typical cold traditional Chinese medicine group, and it was inferred that Chrysanthemi Flos was cold (cool). Conclusion The effect of Chrysanthemi Flos group is the same as that of typical cold traditional Chinese medicine group, which is consistent with the "slight cold" of Chrysanthemi Flos recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It is feasible to use the evaluation system based on normal animals to the research of the property of Chinese herbal medicine.

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中央引导地方科技发展专项（14204349）；高层次人才科研能力培养工程-四大怀药及其炮制品的药性研究（00104354-2018-18）；中医药现代化研究重点专项（2019YFC1708802）；河南省高层次人才特殊支持计划“中原千人计划”-中原领军人才（ZYQR201810080）