目的 探究黄芩Scutellaria baicalensis提取物对热证模型大鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响，并探讨中医"热者寒之"思想的科学内涵。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、黄芩提取物（3 g/kg）组。除对照组外，其余各组大鼠于每日上午ig左甲状腺素钠混悬液（0.12 g/kg），造模1 h后，黄芩提取物组ig黄芩提取物（10 mL/kg），对照组与模型组ig等体积的饮用水，连续15 d。采用高通量测序技术对大鼠盲肠内容物的肠道菌群多样性进行测序；取大鼠血清测定神经-内分泌-免疫系统中关键性指标，并构建差异菌属与神经-内分泌-免疫系统的互作体系。结果 黄芩提取物可显著回调热证模型大鼠神经-内分泌-免疫系统中关键性的12个指标，明显改善肠道内分类操作单元（operational taxonomic units，OTUs）数量和α、β多样性的失调，降低菌群生物丰度与多样性指数，对热证模型大鼠的6种差异菌门与25种差异菌属的相对丰度起到调节作用。柯林斯菌属Collinsella、苍白杆菌属Ochrobactrum、普雷沃菌属Prevotella与神经-内分泌-免疫系统具有强相关作用。结论 黄芩提取物可改善热证模型大鼠神经-内分泌-免疫系统和肠道菌群多样性的异常，柯林斯菌属、苍白杆菌属、普雷沃菌属可能是热证模型大鼠肠道的潜在标志菌属。

Objective To explore the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on the diversity of intestinal flora in heat syndrome model rats, and explore the scientific connotation of the thought of "treating heat syndrome with cold natured drugs" in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and S. Baicalensis extract (3 g/kg) group. Except for the control group, rats in the other group were ig levothyroxine sodium suspension (0.12 g/kg) every morning, one hour after modeling, rats in S. baicalensis extract group were ig S. baicalensis extract (10 mL/kg), rats in control group and model group were ig same volume of drinking water for 15 d. 16 S rRNA technique was used to sequence the intestinal microflora in the V4 area of the cecum, and the rat serum was taken to determine 12 key indexes in the neuro-endocrine-immune system. The interaction system between differential bacteria and neuro-endocrine-immune system was constructed.Results S. baicalensis extract significantly adjusted 12 key indexes in the neuro-endocrine-immune system of heat syndrome model rats, significantly improved the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the imbalance of diversity between α,β in the intestinal tract, reduced the biological richness and diversity index of flora, and regulated the relative abundance of six different bacteria and 25 different bacteria in heat model rats. Collinsella, Ochrobactrum and Prevotella had strong correlation with neuro-endocrine-immune system. Conclusion S. baicalensis extract could improve the abnormality of neuro-endocrine-immune system and intestinal flora in heat syndrome model rats. Collinsella, Ochrobactrum and Prevotella may be potential markers of heat syndrome model.

R285.5

国家重点基础研究发展“973”计划项目（2013CB531804）；黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目（LH2020H099）