目的 比较不同产地的蒙古黄芪多糖（APS）部分酸水解产物寡糖特征图谱及免疫活性差异，建立以寡糖混合物为指标的黄芪品质评价方法。方法 以黄芪多糖为研究对象，首先通过正交试验选择了最佳部分酸水解的条件，将多糖水解成可供分析的寡糖，建立基于部分酸水解-亲水作用色谱的黄芪寡糖特征图谱，利用SIMCA软件对数据进行多元统计分析以区分不同产地的蒙古黄芪，采用亲水作用色谱与质谱联用对黄芪多糖部分酸水解产物进行结构表征，并通过小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红实验进行活性评价。结果 通过正交试验得到的最佳水解条件为温度90℃、三氟乙酸浓度1 mol/L，水解时间1 h。黄芪寡糖特征图谱的PCA结果显示，可以将3种不同的蒙古黄芪区分开。质谱解析可知3种不同的黄芪多糖均主要为1→4连接的线性葡聚糖，水解得到聚合度3~8的葡寡糖。山西浑源仿野生黄芪多糖的部分酸水解产物增强巨噬细胞吞噬活性的能力较高于移栽芪且高于未水解的总黄芪多糖。结论 表明基于部分酸水解-亲水作用色谱的黄芪寡糖特征图谱及对细胞免疫功能影响差异可为不同产地及不同种植方式的蒙古黄芪进行品质评价，也是对黄芪质量评价方法的重要补充。同时对其他中药多糖的表征具有一定的启蒙作用。

Objective The characteristic maps and immunological activities of some acid hydrolysates of polysaccharides from Astragali Radix (APS) from different areas were compared. The quality evaluation method of Astragali Radix with oligosaccharide mixture as quality control index was established. Methods In this study, the polysaccharides from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragali Radix were used as the research object. Firstly, the optimal partial acid hydrolysis conditions were selected by orthogonal test. The polysaccharide was hydrolyzed into oligosaccharides for analysis. The characteristic map of Astragalus oligosaccharides based on partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction chromatography was established. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the data by SIMCA software to distinguish Mongolian Astragalus from different areas. The partial acid hydrolysis products of Astragalus polysaccharides were characterized by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the activity was evaluated by mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis neutral red experiment. Results The optimal hydrolysis conditions obtained by orthogonal experiment were temperature 90℃, trifluoroacetic acid concentration 1 mol/L, hydrolysis time 1 h. Under this condition, Astragalus polysaccharide was hydrolyzed into characteristic oligosaccharide fragments, and the method is reproducible. The characteristic map of Astragalus oligosaccharides based on partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction chromatography showed that the maps of the same Astragalus oligosaccharides had good consistency, and the maps of different Astragalus oligosaccharides were quite different. PCA showed that three different kinds of Mongolian Astragalus can be distinguished. It was found by mass spectrometry that the extracted Astragalus polysaccharides were mainly 1→4 linear glucan, and gluco-oligosac-charides with the degrees of polymerization 3-8 were obtained after partial acid hydrolysis. The partial acid hydrolysate of the wild Astragalus polysaccharides from Shanxi Hunyuan had higher ability to enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages than the transplanted Astragalus and higher than the unhydrolyzed total astragalus polysaccharide. Conclusion This study showed that the characteristics of Astragalus polysaccharides based on partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction chromatography and the effects on cellular immune function can be used to evaluate the quality of Astragali Radix in different habitats and different planting methods, and it is also an important supplement to the quality evaluation method of Astragali Radix. At the same time, it has a certain exemplary role in the characterization of other Chinese materia medica polysaccharides.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81872962）；山西省优秀人才科技创新项目（201605D211030，201705D211020）；山西省重点研发计划重点项目（201603D311101）；国家中药标准化项目（ZYBZH-Y-JIN-34）；山西省科技攻关项目（20150313004-5）