中药挥发油质量的稳定性是其发挥临床疗效及确保安全性的重要前提。由于中药挥发油的质量受到入药部位、药材产地、药材采收期、提取工艺、炮制工艺等诸多因素的影响，从而导致挥发油的出油率或所含化学成分出现差异，影响中药挥发油质量的均一性，进而影响挥发油的疗效。因此，如何把控挥发油的质量是中药挥发油发挥作用的关键。分析了药材不同入药部位、不同产地和不同采收期对中药挥发油质量的影响，并对《中国药典》2015年版含有挥发油成分的196味中药按药用部位进行分类，讨论了不同入药部位、产地和采收期对中药挥发油成分的差异性，以期为中药挥发油的开发及中药挥发油质量标准的建立提供参考。

The stability of volatile oil quality of traditional Chinese medicine is an important prerequisite for its clinical efficacy and safety. The quality of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine is affected by many factors, such as location, producing area, harvest time, extraction process, processing process and so on, which leads to the difference of oil yield or chemical composition of volatile oil, affects the uniformity of volatile oil quality of traditional Chinese medicine, and then affects the curative effect of volatile oil. Therefore, how to control the quality of volatile oil is the key to the role of volatile oil in traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, the effects of different parts of medicinal materials, different producing areas and different harvest periods on the quality of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine were analyzed, and the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia containing volatile oil was classified according to medicinal parts, and the differences of volatile oil components of traditional Chinese medicine were discussed in order to provide reference for the development of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine and the establishment of quality standard of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine.

R286

江西省自然科学基金项目（20181BAB205078）；江西省重大科技研发专项（S2019ZDYFB0027）