目的 对茅苍术Atractylodes lancea根茎的化学成分进行分离和鉴定，并评价所得化合物对脂多糖（LPS）诱导小胶质细胞BV2分泌NO的抑制作用。方法 茅苍术根茎的80%乙醇提取物经萃取后，得正定醇亚部位；再依次经大孔吸附树脂柱、凝胶柱以及制备型高效液相色谱柱进行系统分离；采用HRESIMS、NMR、ECD等技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从茅苍术根茎正丁醇亚部位中分离并鉴定了10个化合物，分别鉴定为（2E，8R）-癸烯-4，6-二炔-1，8-二醇-1-O-β-D-呋喃芹糖基-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）、（8S）-癸烷-4，6-二炔-1，8-二醇-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（2）、（2E，8R）-癸烯-4，6-二炔-1，8-二醇-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（3）、（2E，8S）-癸烯-4，6-二炔-1，8-二醇-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）、（2E，8E）-2，8-癸二烯-4，6-二炔-1，10-二醇-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）、（7R，8S）-3'，9，9'-三羟基-3-甲氧基-1'-丙醇基-7，8-苯并二氢呋喃木脂素-4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（6）、（7'R^*，8S^*，8'S^*）-南烛木树脂酚9'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（7）、（7S，8R）-4，9，9'-三羟基-3'-甲氧基-8-O-4'-新木脂素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（8）、水杨酸甲酯2-O-α-L-吡喃木糖基-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（9）、苯乙醇7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（10）。结论 化合物1和2为2个新的C₁₀骨架类型的多烯炔苷，分别命名为苍术烯炔苷A和苍术烯炔苷B；化合物6、8~10为首次从从茅苍术中分离得到；在10 μmol/L浓度下，化合物10对小胶质细胞分泌NO的抑制率最高，为31.18%；而1及2和4的混合物对小胶质细胞分泌NO的抑制率分别为22.01%和14.09%，仅具有较弱的体外抗炎活性。

Objective To investigate the chemical components from the 80% EtOH extract of Atractylodes lancea, as well as the inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds on LPS-induced NO production of microglia BV2 cells. Methods The n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the crude extract was successively chromatographed with Diaion HP-20, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC C₁₈-column. At last, the planar and stereochemical structures of these obtained compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD, etc). Results Ten glycosides were isolated from the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the 80% EtOH extract of A. lancea, including (2E,8R)-decene-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (8S)-decane-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (2E,8R)-decene-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (2E,8S)-decene-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (2E,8E)-2,8-decadiene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), (7R,8S)-3',9,9'-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyl-1'-propanol-7,8-dihydrobenzo-funanneoligan-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), (7'R^*,8S^*,8'S^*)-lyoniresinol 9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), (7S,8R)-4,9,9'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), methyl salicylate 2-O-α-L-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), and phenylmethanol 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are named atractyeneyneglycoside A and atractyeneyneglycoside B, while compounds 6, 8-10 are first isolated from the rhizomes of A. lancea. At the concentration of 10 μmol/L, compound 10 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production of microglia BV2 cells with the value of 31.18%, while compounds 1 and 2 just showed weaker inhibitory effects with values of 22.01% and 14.09%, respectively.

R284.1

中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-TRIC05）；中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程（CIFMS-2016-I2M-1-010）