目的 使用银翘解毒合剂药渣水提液制备纳米银，评价生物合成参数对还原反应及生成纳米银的影响，并研究其抗氧化和抑菌活性。方法 超声法制备纳米银，紫外可见光谱监测纳米银生成和生长，激光粒度仪和透射电镜表征纳米银粒径、分散性、表面性质和形貌，DPPH法评价抗氧化活性，酶标仪测600 nm处的A值（A₆₀₀）研究抑菌活性。结果 在使用银翘解毒合剂药渣水提液制备纳米银时，生物合成参数对纳米银的粒径和分散性有很大影响，平均粒径分布在14.2～94.8 nm，pH 6.0时分散性最好；在pH 10.0，料液比3：1，超声反应2 h可高效制得近球形纳米银，平均粒径（24.0±0.3）nm，60 d内保持稳定，表面带负电（-23.1±0.2）mV；制得的纳米银对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很好的抑制作用，最小抑菌浓度分别为50.0、25.0 μg/mL；对DPPH有很好的清除作用，当纳米银质量浓度为100 μg/mL时清除率可达71.1%。结论 银翘解毒合剂药渣水提液可在室温条件下制备不同粒径和分散性质的纳米银，生物合成参数对纳米银的平均粒径和分散性有较大影响，制得的纳米银具有很强的抗氧化和抗菌活性，可作为潜在的抗氧化和抗菌试剂。

Objective To develop a novel method to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the extract of Yinqiao Jiedu Mixture waste, evaluate the effects of biosynthesis parameters on the formation and polydispersity of AgNPs, and investigate the antioxidative and antibacterial activity. Methods The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy; The size, polydispersity, surface and morphology features of AgNPs were characterized by laser granularity analyzer and transmission electron microscopy; The antioxidative and antibacterial activities of AgNPs were evaluated by calculating the scavenging rate for DPPH and A₆₀₀ for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Results By using Yinqiao Jiedu Mixture waste, the AgNPs could be prepared at ambient temperature. The size and polydispersity index of the synthesized AgNPs were sensitive to the biosynthesis parameters, such as pH of extract and material proportion with the average size distribution was 14.2-94.8 nm, offering a size-controlled synthetic method for AgNPs. And when the pH was 6.0, the polydispersity could reach the best. The AgNPs could be obtained with high yield and small size at pH 10.0, material proportion 3:1 after reacting 2 h, which were quasi-spherical in shape with average size of (24.0±0.3) nm and covered by anion[Zeta potential:(-23.1±0.2) mV]. The synthesized AgNPs also revealed significant inhibition activities for the growth of E. coli and S. aureus with MIC 50.0 and 25.0 μg/mL, respectively, and potent antioxidative activity with scavenging rate for DPPH 71.1% when adding 100 μg/mL of AgNPs. Conclusion The extract of Yinqiao Jiedu Mixture waste can be used to synthesize AgNPs with small size at ambient temperature; The biosynthesis parameters have significant effects on the average size and polydispersity index of AgNPs; The synthesized AgNPs have potent antioxidative and antibacterial activity.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（21705029）；陕西中医药大学校级基金资助项目（123010185）；陕西中医药大学博士科研启动金（10408001）；陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划（20190307）；长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（300102120303）