目的 研究西洋参皂苷类成分增强免疫作用及其作用机制。方法 通过耐受性考察及免疫低下模型确定西洋参皂苷类成分提取物的给药剂量以及雷帕霉素的最优造模剂量后，将受精后48 h（48 hpf）的斑马鱼分为对照组（0.5%二甲基亚砜）、模型组（4 μg/mL雷帕霉素）和3个产地（中国山东、中国吉林、加拿大）不同质量浓度的西洋参组（4 μg/mL雷帕霉素＋10、25、50 μg/mL西洋参皂苷类成分提取物）；孵育一定时间后，以斑马鱼尾部中性粒细胞数目、巨噬细胞吞噬功能及体内γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量为指标，计算中性粒细胞增长率，考察西洋参皂苷类成分提取物的增强免疫作用。结果 西洋参皂苷类成分提取物给药质量浓度高于50 μg/mL时，幼鱼死亡率随给药质量浓度的增大及给药时间的延长逐渐升高；与对照组相比，模型组斑马鱼尾部中性粒细胞数目显著减少（P<0.01），体内IFN-γ含量显著减少（P<0.01）；与模型组相比，10、25 μg/mL西洋参组斑马鱼尾部中性粒细胞数目显著增加（P<0.01），吞噬墨水颗粒的巨噬细胞数目显著增加（P<0.01），体内IFN-γ含量显著增加（P<0.01）；中性粒细胞增长率在19.73%～96.49%。结论 西洋参皂苷类成分具有较好的增强机体免疫功能作用。

Objective To study the immune enhancing effect of saponins from American ginseng and its mechanism. Methods The drug dosage of American ginseng saponin extract and the optimal modeling dose of rapamycin were determined by tolerance test and immunodeficiency model establishment experiments. Zebra fish were divided into control group (0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide), model group (4 μg/mL rapamycin), and three origins American ginseng treatment groups with different concentrations (Shandong, Northeast, Canada, 4 μg/mL rapamycin +10, 25 and 50 μg/mL American ginseng saponin extract) 48 h after fertilization (48 hpf). After a certain period of incubation, the number of neutrophils in the tail of zebrafish, macrophage phagocytosis, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) content in the body were used as indexes, and the growth rate of neutrophils was calculated to investigate the immune-enhancing effect of American ginseng saponins.Results When the dosage of American ginseng saponins was higher than 50 μg/mL, the mortality of Zbra-fish increased with the increase of the concentration and the time of administration; Compared with control group, in model group, the number of neutrophils in the tail of zebrafish was decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the content of IFN-γ in the body was decreased significantly (P<0.01); Compared with model group, in 10 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL American ginseng treatment group, the number of neutrophils in the tail of zebrafish was increased significantly (P<0.01), the number of macrophages engulfing ink particles was increased significantly (P<0.01), the content of IFN-γ in vivo was increased significantly (P<0.01), and the growth rate of neutrophils was between 19.73% and 96.49%. Conclusion The American ginseng saponins have a better effect on enhancing immunity.

R285

国家重点研发计划子课题（2017YFC1701501）