目的 通过分析黄芪Astragali Radix药材的性状以及黄酮类化学成分与绝对生长年限的相关性，明确黄芪根的生长年限是引起黄芪药材性状和化学差异性的主要因素。方法 收集不同产地、不同等级的黄芪药材，对其外观形态定性描述，长度、直径定量测定，并采用徒手切片法观察不同等级仿野生芪的生长年限分布，观察其分布规律。采用UPLC-UV法，色谱柱为Ultimate C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），柱温30℃，体积流量为1 mL/min，检测波长230nm，进样量20 μL，乙腈-水梯度洗脱，建立了24批不同产地黄芪药材黄酮类成分HPLC-UV指纹图谱，并对不同等级仿野生芪和栽培芪5种黄酮类成分进行含量测定。结果 将不同生长方式的黄芪药材划分为仿野生芪和栽培芪2个规格。特等黄芪主要是5年以上生长年限的根段，一等主要是4～5年生的根段，二等主要是3～4年生的根段，三等主要是2～3年生的根段，四等主要是1～2年生的根段。不同产地、不同等级黄芪指纹图谱中指认出5个共有峰，采用相似度评价软件分析，以仿野生芪图谱为参照，仿野生芪样品相似度为0.892～0.994，栽培芪样品相似度为0.274～0.531，主成分分析和聚类分析均显示仿野生芪和栽培芪可以明显分成2类。仿野生芪5种黄酮类成分含量明显高于栽培芪，仿野生芪（除特等外）总黄酮含量与等级（或直径、年限）呈正相关，栽培芪与等级不相关。结论 本研究为黄芪药材商品规格等级标准的制定提供科学依据，为进一步构建黄芪药材质量等级标准奠定基础。

Objective To clear that the growth period of Astragali Radix (AR) is the main factor causing the traits and chemical differences by analyzing the correlation between commercial traits and chemical characteristics and absolute growth years of AR. Methods Different grades AR from different origin were collected and divided into two specifications-wild Astragali Radix (WAR) and transplanted Astragali Radix (TAR) according to character description, length and diameter. The growth years distribution of different grades WAR were observed by hand-sections to find its distribution rule. The separation was performed on a Ultimate C₁₈ (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mixed mobile phase of water and acetonitrile in a gradient mode. The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the wavelength of measurement was 230 nm. A total of 24 batches of the AR were determined. The content of five flavonoids in WAR and TAR were determined. Results The results showed that the growth year of top grade AR was more than five years, grade I AR was 4—5 years, grade II AR was 3—4 years, grade III and IV AR were 1—3 years. The HPLC-UV specific chromatograms fingerprints of chemical constituents were established from the 24 batches of AR with five characteristic common peaks. Twenty-four batches of samples was assessed by similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM, the similarity of WAR was 0.892—0.994 and TAR was 0.274—0.531. AR were classified as two clusters including WAR and TAR by clustering analysis (CA) and principle component analysis (PCA). The content of total flavonoids of WAR were significantly higher than TAR. Exception the top grade WAR, the content of total flavonoids in WAR was significantly positively correlated with grade. There was no correlation in different grades of TAR. Conclusion This study provides a scientific basis for the establishment of the grade standard of AR, and lays a foundation for further construction of the quality grade standard of AR.

R286.2

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81872962）；山西省优秀人才科技创新项目（201605D211030，201705D211020）；山西省重点研发计划重点项目（201603D311101）；国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1710805）