目的 揭示石菖蒲Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma挥发油提取过程中挥发性成分的提取、分布规律及影响因素，为挥发油去“乳化”技术提供理论参考。方法 水蒸气蒸馏法提取石菖蒲挥发油，每30分钟收集提取液并分离芳香水和挥发油部分。结果 实验共测得56个挥发性成分，其中β-细辛醚、甲基丁香酚、顺式-甲基异丁香酚、γ-细辛醚为主要特征成分，水中特有成分41个，油中特有成分4个，油水共有成分11个。相关性分析表明，水中特有成分与水中主要成分的溶出/扩散呈正相关，而与挥发油中主要成分呈负相关。水中特有成分在水中溶解度较高。雷达特征图谱及主成分（PCA）结果表明，水中特有成分的水溶解度和沸点极高，油水共有成分的蒸气压最高，油中特有成分的极性表面积和沸点较高。水溶性、沸点、极性表面积、蒸气压等是影响成分分布的主要理化性质。结论 石菖蒲挥发性成分因理化性质不同，在芳香水部分和挥发油部分分布差异较大，水中特有成分可能是挥发油提取过程中产生“乳化”现象的重要原因。

Objective The experiment was designed to reveal the extraction, distribution and influencing factors of volatile components in the extraction process of volatile oil from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (ATR). Methods Volatile oil of ATR was extracted by steam distillation and the extract was collected every 30 min to separate the aromatic water and volatile oil. Results A total of 56 volatile compounds were determined, of which β-asarone, methyleugenol, cis-methylisoeugenol and γ-asarone were the main characteristic constituents. There were 41 kinds of components distributed only in water, four components only in oil and 11 kinds in both oil and water. Correlation analysis showed that the specific components in water were positively correlated with the dissolution/diffusion of the main components in water, but negatively correlated with the main components in volatile oil. The water solubility of the unique components in water was the highest. The results of radar and PCA showed that the water solubility and boiling point of the specific components in water were very high, the vapor pressure of the common components of oil and water was the highest, and the polar surface areas of the special components in oil were high. Conclusion Affected by the physical and chemical properties of volatile component, some components specifically distributed in water increased the content of main components in the aromatic water, may resulting in volatile oil extraction process easy to "emulsification", in turn, leading to an important reason for the declining quality of volatile oil.

国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1706904）；国家自然科学基金项目（81703720）；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2018SF-314）；陕西省中药制药重点学科项目（303061107）；陕西中医药大学学科创新团队项目（2019-YL11）；陕西省中医药管理局中药制药工程重点学科项目（20170103）；陕西省教育厅资助项目（18JK0208）；陕西省科技厅自然科学基础研究计划（2018JQ8022）