地黄是我国常见的大宗药材之一，药用历史悠久。近年来，随着分子生物学技术的进步，尤其是高通量测序技术的出现，不仅为地黄的快速鉴定提供了新方法，也较全面地揭示了其种群的遗传多样性和亲缘关系，更为地黄的活性成分合成代谢调控、块根发育、抗逆响应和连作障碍等机制的研究奠定了分子基础。从系统学研究、分子鉴定、功能基因等方面对近年来地黄分子生物学的研究进展进行了综述，并提出3点研究展望，以期为进一步深入开展地黄的分子研究提供参考。

Rehmannia glutinosa is one of the most common bulk medicinal materials in China and it has a long history of medicinal use. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, especially for the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology, it not only provides new ways to identify R. glutinosa quickly, and reveal the genetic diversity and relationship of R. glutinosa, but also lays the vital foundation for explaining the mechanism on metabolism, root tuber growth, stress response and continuous cropping obstacles of R. glutinosa. The present paper reviews the recent study progress in molecular biology research of R. glutinosa from molecular systematics, molecular identification and functional genes, and puts forward three research prospects in order to provide a reference for further study on molecular biology of R. glutinosa.