目的 获得野生唐古特大黄叶绿体全基因组信息特征，并对相关物种亲缘关系进行研究。方法 本实验采用Illumina高通量测序技术构建了唐古特大黄叶绿体全基因组图谱。结果 唐古特大黄基因组大小为161 054 bp，大（LSC）、小（SSC）单拷贝区大小分别为86 441 bp和12 745 bp，反向互补重复区（IR）大小为30 934 bp，共注释叶绿体基因132个，包括88个蛋白编码基因，36个转运RNA基因和8个核糖体RNA基因，其中每个IR区19个。结论 选取唐古特大黄在内的7个蓼科物种、4个其他科物种构建系统发育树，形态极其相似的唐古特大黄与掌叶大黄在分子上亲缘关系也最近，但rpl32等基因存在差异位点，对有效区分近缘物种提供新依据。

Objective To improve the survival status of wild Rheum tanguticum, which is threatened to meet the market demand, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technologies is used to bring new directions for relevant research. Methods The complete chloroplast genome of Rheum tanguticum was constructed with Illumina high-throughput sequencing technologies in this paper. Results The genome was 161 054 bp in length, and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 86 441 bp) and small (SSC, 12 745 bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 30 934 bp each). The chloroplast genome contained 132 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes and two pseudogenes, 19 genes located in each IR area. Conclusion The phylogenetic tree constructed with 11 sequences of seven Polygonaceae species and four other family species demonstrated a close relationship between R. tanguticum and R. palmatum in Polygonaceae, which was coincided with their morphological similarity, in addition, there were certain SNP sites in rpl32 and other genes, which provided a new basis for the effective identification of related species.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31360068）；青海省科技厅自然基金项目（2017-ZJ-742）；教育部春晖计划（Z2019070）；本科生科技创新项目（qhnuxskj2019014）