转录组测序技术（RNA-Seq）是近10年新崛起的一种在组学水平剖析基因功能和互作关系的研究方法，广泛应用于分子生物学等前沿领域。近年来，该技术在药用植物研究中得到广泛应用，相关报道也日渐增多。对相关文献进行系统整理，归纳RNA-Seq技术在药用植物功能基因发掘、基因网络分析、遗传机制揭示、分子标记开发等领域中的应用。同时，依据RNA-Seq的技术特点和药用植物研究的发展需求，对该技术在中药材中的进一步应用进行展望，以期为RNA-Seq技术应用于中药系统基因组学的研究提供参考。

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly developed method to analyze gene function and interaction at the omics level, which is widely used in frontier field in molecular biology and other fields. In recent years, this technology has been intensively used in the research of medicinal plants, and growing number of reports are published. This paper systematically sorted out relevant literatures and summarized applications of RNA-Seq technology in functional gene discovery, gene network analysis, genetic mechanism revelation and development of molecular marker of medicinal plants. Meanwhile, according to the technical characteristics of RNA-Seq and the development needs of medicinal plant research, this article brings the future prospects regarding RNA-seq technology in Chinese medicinal materials, and intending to provide inspirations for researches on Chinese materia medica based on RNA-Seq.

国家自然科学基金项目（31560079）；国家自然科学基金项目（31560087）；中医药管理局中医药、民族医药科学技术研究课题（QZYY-2019-060）；贵州省中药现代化科技产业研究开发专项项目（黔科合ZY字[2013]3002号）；遵义市2014年度“15851”人才工程项目（201424）；贵州省科技厅人才成长项目（KY[2017]194）；遵义医学院博士启动基金资助项目（F-809）；贵州省优秀青年科技人才项目（黔科合平台人才[2019]5657）