酸枣仁和理枣仁同为鼠李科枣属植物的干燥成熟种子，具宁心安神、敛汗之功效。酸枣仁是中医临床改善睡眠的首选中药，而理枣仁多作为云南民间习用药材。近年来，随着酸枣仁药用需求不断增加，野生资源萎缩，市场上频频出现理枣仁伪充酸枣仁的现象。在梳理历代本草和总结现代研究的基础上，从传统功效、化学成分及药理作用等方面比较分析酸枣仁和理枣仁的异同；并基于中药质量标志物（Q-marker）的核心概念与研究方法，从生物合成途径、传统药效、传统药性和体内过程等方面对酸枣仁质量标志物进行预测，为完善酸枣仁质量标准提供理论依据。

Both Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) and Ziziphi Mauritianae Semen (ZMS) were derived from the dried seeds of the genus Ziziphus. The classical application of ZSS and ZMS is supplementing the liver, quieting the heart, arresting the sweat, and promoting the production of the body fluids. Alone or in combination with other herbs, ZSS is the most frequently used herb for treating insomnia. In addition, ZMS was used widely in Yunnan as local used medicine. Recently, the reduction of the wildlife resources of ZSS and shortage of market supply resulted in the adulteration of ZSS by substituting with ZMS. In this paper, the difference was contrasted between ZSS with ZMS by summarized the three aspects of herbal research, chemical composition, and pharmacological action. The original source, efficacy, in vivo process, and the traditional property were probed in order that the Q-markers of ZSS were predicted, based on the concept of Q-marker. This research will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the quality standard of ZSS.

国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（81603289，81603251）；山西省重点研发计划项目（201803D31087）；山西省科技攻关计划-振东专项（2016ZD0105，2016ZD0104）；晋药综合开发利用协同创新中心项目（2017-JYXT-25）；山西中医药大学科技创新团队（2018-TD-009）