目的 考察辛味中药挥发油的"四气"药性、透皮促渗能力和化学成分的关联性。方法 选择不同"四气"药性的20味辛味挥发油开展配对比较，采用水蒸气蒸馏提取、GC-MS分析成分后，通过皮肤电阻动力学技术考察其透皮促渗能力，根据研究结果运用逐步判别法和方差分析法遴选因子并建立预测模型。结果 中药挥发油透皮促渗能力排序为热性 > 温性 > 寒凉。倍半萜类化合物含量越高药性趋于温热性，促渗能力越大。相反，不含倍半萜类化合物或者含量少，药性趋于寒凉性，促渗能力较小。结论 辛味中药挥发油的透皮促渗能力存在"四气"药性-成分类别-促渗能力的关联性，挥发油所含的倍半萜类成分可能是和"四气"药性及促渗能力相关性最大的化学成分。

Objective To investigate the correlation among the "four natures" drug properties, the abilities of penetration enhancement and chemical components of the essential oils (EOs) from pungent Chinese herbs. Methods A total of 20 kinds of EOs with different "four natures" drug properties were selected for pair comparison. EOs were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS, the skin resistance kinetic technology was used to investigate the abilities of penetration enhancement. Based on the research results, the factors were selected by stepwise discrimination analysis method and variance analysis method and the prediction model was established. Results The order of the abilities of penetration enhancement of EOs was:hot > warm > cold and cool. The higher the content of sesquiterpenoids was, the warmer the property tended to be. On the contrary, it did not contain sesquiterpenes, or its content was low, and its property tended to be cold and cool, and the abilities of penetration enhancement were weak. Conclusion There was a correlation among the "four natures" drug properties, the abilities of penetration enhancement and chemical components of EOs from pungent Chinese herbs. And the sesquiterpenoids from EOs may be the most correlated chemical components with the "four natures" drug properties and the abilities of penetration enhancement.

江苏省中药资源产业化过程协同创新中心重点项目（ZDXMHT-1-15）；江苏省中医药管理局科研专项（ZX2016D1）；江苏省中药药效与安全性评价重点实验室项目（JKLPSE201808）；江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目（KYCX18_1591）；江苏省大学生创新训练计划重点项目（201810315027Z）；江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（2014）；南京中医药大学中药学优势学科专项培育基金项目（2017）