目的 对芫青科昆虫南方大斑蝥Mylabris phalerata和黄黑小斑蝥Mylabri scichorii中药材性状、微性状、粉末显微及微量升华结晶物显微特征进行研究，为其鉴定工作以及《中国药典》2020年版的制定工作提供科学依据。方法 采用性状鉴别法、微性状鉴别法、常规显微鉴别法、偏振光显微鉴别法及微量升华法，对6批南方大斑蝥和4批黄黑小斑蝥进行系统的生药学研究。结果 首次获取了南方大斑蝥和黄黑小斑蝥微性状鉴别特征（体长、触角、鞘翅、内翅等）、粉末显微鉴别特征（刚毛、体壁碎片、鞘翅碎片、内翅碎片、肌纤维、气管壁组织、未消化的植物组织）及其微量升华结晶物特征的全息彩色影像数据。结论 微性状鉴别研究结果补充完善了传统宏观性状鉴别的细微构造特征，显微及微量升华鉴别研究结果可作为中药材及中成药中斑蝥鉴定的专属性标志物。

Objective To provide the scientific evidence for the identification of Mylabris phalerata and Mylabri scichorii by observing the characteristics and microscopic characteristics of the two species, which may be of relevance to the compilation of 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Methods The pharmacognosy of six batches of M. phalerata and four batches of M. scichorii were studied by character identification, micro-morphological identification, conventional microscopic identification, polarized light microscopic identification and microsublimation methods. Results Colored holographic image of the micro-morphological characteristics (body length, antenna, elytron and hind-wing), microscopic characteristics (bristle, body wall fragment, elytron debris, hind-wing debris, muscle fiber, debris of gas pipeline and undigested plant tissue) and crystalline sublimate characteristics were obtained for the first time. Conclusion The results of micro-morphological identification complement the fine structural characteristics of traditional character identification. The microscopic and microsublimation methods for identification can be used as specific markers for identifying Mylabris.

国家重点研发计划重点专项项目（2018YFC1707900）；国家药典委员会-补充和完善显微鉴别-丁公藤等40种中药的显微鉴别（2018Z002）