生物碱是药用石斛重要的生理活性成分，是金钗石斛Dendrobium nobile的特征药效成分。石斛属植物中共获得52个生物碱成分，依据结构分为5种，包括倍半萜类、八氢中氮茚类、酰胺碱类、四氢吡咯类和咪唑类生物碱。倍半萜类生物碱又划分为石斛碱型、石斛星型、石斛酮型等。含有生物碱的石斛共有19种，主要有金钗石斛、束花石斛D.chrysanthum、玫瑰石斛D.crepidatum、棒节石斛D.findleyanum、黄喉石斛D.signatum、铬黄石斛D. friedericksianum等。对石斛属植物中生物碱的结构分类、含生物碱的石斛种类以及石斛属生物碱含量的影响因素研究现状进行综述，以期为石斛属生物碱的深入研究及开发提供参考。

Alkaloids were regarded as important biological activity constituent in medicinal Dendrobium Sw., being characteristic pharmacodynamic components in plants from Dendrobium Sw. A total of 52 constituents of alkaloids were found in plants of Dendrobium Sw. They could be divided into five types, according to different structures. They were sesquiterpenoid alkaloids, octahydroindolizine alkaloids, amides alkaloids, pyrrolidine alkaloids, and imidazole alkaloids etc. Sesquiterpenoid alkaloids could be divided into dendrobine type, dendroxine type, nobiline type, etc. Over 19 Dendrobium species contain alkaloids, and the main species included D. nobile, D. chrysanthum, D. crepidatum, D. findleyanum, D. signatum, D. friedericksianum, etc. This paper reviews the structural classification of alkaloids in Dendrobium, and the species which containing alkaloids and the influencing factors of alkaloids in Dendrobium Sw., in order to provide reference for the in-depth study and the development of alkaloids in plants from Dendrobium Sw.

国家林业局948项目（2015-4-10）