中药五味理论是中医药学核心内容，表征中药成分群的特征性质，用于指导临床。但五味怎样表征众多成分群、药材划分五味的标准，以及五味归五脏等科学问题仍未解释清楚。分析总结了中药五味的历史沿革和研究现状，以超分子"印迹模板"理论解析中药五味：人与中药都是生物超分子体，中药作为天然超分子"印迹模板"聚集体，经口服或注射后必然寻找到与自身"印迹模板"相吻合的人体脏器的超分子主体，发生自识别、自组织、自组装与自复制作用，从而产生特异性的药效，宏观上表现出中药五味归五脏现象。因此，通过对中药五味体内外各成分群超分子"印迹模板"特征、作用规律及其网络药理学的定性定量研究，建立"中药成分群-味蕾超分子孔穴结构-经络脏腑孔穴"关联研究方法，宏观与微观相结合研究中药五味。超分子化学理论与中医药相结合，必将推动中医药的发展，实现中医药的现代化。

The five-flavor theory of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the core content of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which characterizes the characteristic property of CMM components and is used for clinical guidance. However, it is still unclear how the five flavors are used to characterize the many groups of ingredients, the criteria for dividing the five flavors of herbs, and the scientific issues of the five flavors and the five internal organs. This paper analyzes and summarizes the historical evolution and research status of five-flavor theory of CMM. The supramolecular "imprint template" theory is used to analyze the five flavors of CMM:human and CMM are biological supramolecular bodies, and traditional Chinese medicine is used as a natural supramolecular "imprint template" aggregation. After the human body, it is inevitable to find self-recognition, self-organization, self-assembly and self-replication of the supramolecular body of the human organ that coincides with its own "imprint template", so as to produce specific effects, and macroscopically show the five flavors of CMM with meridian tropism in five internal organs. Therefore, through the qualitative and quantitative study of the characteristics and action of the supramolecular "imprinting template" of various components of five flavors of CMM in vivo and in vitro and its network pharmacology, "Chinese herbal medicine group-taste bud supramolecular pore structure-meridian visceral cavity" correlation research method was established. From the macroscopic and microscopic aspects, the five flavors of CMM are studied. The combination of supramolecular chemistry theory and traditional Chinese medicine will certainly promote the development of TCM and realize the modernization of TCM.

国家自然科学基金项目（81573691）；国家自然科学基金项目（81703824）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2017JJ3236）；湖南省自然科学基金项目（2016JJ4065）；湖南省教育厅基金项目（17B200）；湖南省研究生科研创新项目（CX2018B504）；药学湖南省重点学科开放基金；中药成药性与制剂制备湖南省重点实验室开放基金（2018YX06）；2011协同创新中心项目资助