骨缺损的修复一直是骨科领域的难点，以干细胞移植为核心的再生医学的发展为攻克这一顽疾带来了希望。间充质干细胞具有很强的成骨分化潜能，是骨组织工程优良的种子细胞。天然小分子化合物具有来源丰富、结构复杂多样及广泛而独特生物活性等特点。近年来，发现天然小分子化合物是高效、定向诱导间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的天然诱导剂，在干细胞治疗骨缺损中有重要应用前景。综述了近几年有关天然小分子诱导间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究进展，可望加快间充质干细胞在骨缺损、骨组织工程中的临床应用提供新思路。

The repair of bone defect has always been a difficulty in the field of orthopedics. The development of stem cell transplantation-based regenerative medicine has brought hope to overcome this disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have strong osteogenic differentiation potentials, which are excellent seed cells for bone tissue engineering. Natural small molecule compounds are characterized by abundant sources, complex structures, and extensive and unique biological activities. In recent years, it has been found to be a natural inducer for the efficient induction of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, and has important application prospects in the treatment of bone lesions by stem cells. In this paper, recent advances in the induction of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by natural small molecules are reviewed. It is expected to accelerate the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in bone lesions and bone tissue engineering.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81660363）；国家高层次人才特殊支持计划（国科发资[2018]29号）；贵州省高层次创新型人才支持计划[黔科合人才（2015）4028号]