深静脉血栓为临床常见并发症，具有发病原因多样化、发病率高、致残率高和死亡率高的特点，已经成为影响人类身体健康的重要因素之一。深静脉血栓形成一直以来被认为主要是凝血功能紊乱造成，但机制尚不明确，而近期越来越多的证据显示免疫系统调节和炎症反应也参与了该过程。活血化瘀中药在预防和治疗深静脉血栓方面发挥了独特的优势。对深静脉血栓的形成因素做简单概述，重点探讨免疫细胞和血小板在深静脉血栓形成中的作用，并分析和展望了具有免疫调节功能的中药在防治深静脉血栓形成中的前景，以便为寻求更有效的治疗方法提供借鉴和参考。

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common clinical complication with diversified causes. The high morbidity, mortality and disability rate have made it become one of the important risk factors affecting human health. DVT has long been considered as blood coagulation disorder, but the pathogenesis is still unclear, and increasing evidence now demonstrate that immune system regulation and inflammatory processes are critically involved in DVT initiation and development. Chinese materia medica for invigorating circulation and removing blood stasis has a unique advantage in the prevention and treatment of DVT. Here, we briefly summarize the factors contributing the formation of deep venous thrombosis, especially the role of immune cells and platelet in DVT. Importantly, we also analyze and forecast the prospect of Chinese medicine with immunomodulatory effects in the prevention and treatment of DVT, hoping to shed new light on future development of more effective treatment for DVT and provide guidance of their clinical applications.

国家自然科学基金项目（81873037）；国家自然科学基金项目（81303144）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1704500）