目的 检测珍稀濒危药用植物卵叶羌活自然群体遗传变异的地理分布式样和结构。方法 利用二代简化基因组测序技术开发卵叶羌活的微卫星分子标记（SSR）引物，并对覆盖卵叶羌活整个自然地理分布范围的群体样品进行遗传多态性分析。结果 通过基因组de novo组装共获得了780条含SSR位点的基因片段序列；筛选出10对具有较高多态性的SSR标记引物，对卵叶羌活整个自然地理分布区的6个群体共105个样品进行遗传变异分析，发现每条引物的等位基因数（N_o）在1～6（平均值为3.530）；每个群体的平均观测杂合度范围在0.305～0.457，说明卵叶羌活具有中到高度水平的遗传变异。基于Bayesian的群体结构分析表明，卵叶羌活的6个地理群体可以分为2个大的遗传分组，两组之间存在着一定程度的基因交流或遗传渐渗。结论 二代高通量简化基因组测序技术极大丰富了珍稀濒危植物卵叶羌活的SSR数据库，其自然群体遗传变异式样可能与该物种较长的进化历史以及不同地理群体之间长距离的花粉扩散有关。

Objective In order to determine the geographic distribution of genetic variation and structure of natural populations in an endangered and rarely medicinal herb Notopterygium forbesii var. oviforme. Methods The primers of polymorphic microsatellite molecular markers of N. forbesii var. oviforme were firstly developed using the next generation reduced-representation sequencing technology. Then, the genetic polymorphisms of the whole geographical distributional population samples of N. forbesii var. oviforme were investigated based on the polymorphic SSRs. Results A total of 780 SSR-containing DNA sequences were obtained by genome De novo assembly. Ten pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were developed and used to analyze the genetic variability of 105 individuals from six natural populations that covered the entire geographical distributions of N. forbesii var. oviforme. The results showed that the number of observed alleles (N_o) per locus varied between 1 and 6 (mean=3.530). The mean observed heterozygosity (H_o) per population ranged from 0.305 to 0.457. These finds suggested that N. forbesii var. oviforme had the moderate to high level of genetic variability. Bayesian clustering analyses demonstrated that the six natural populations of N. forbesii var. oviforme have formed two clear genetic lineages. The gene flow and/or genetic introgression have occurred between these two groups. Conclusion The next generation reduced-representation sequencing technology largely enriched SSRs database of N. forbesii var. oviforme. The geographic distribution patterns of genetic variations of N. forbesii var. oviforme may be related to the long evolutionary history of species and pollen dispersal of long distance among different natural populations.

R282.12

国家自然科学基金项目（41101058）；2018年中医药公共卫生服务补助资金第四次全国中药资源普查项目（财社2018-43号）；西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室开放基金项目（ZSK2018006，ZSK2017007，ZSK2019008）