目的 基于DNA条形码技术建立人参与西洋参种子的分子鉴别方法。方法 采用生药鉴定方法研究其性状、显微特征，并结合DNA条形码技术，基于中药材DNA条形码数据库，通过ITS2序列比对、遗传距离比较和构建临接（NJ）系统发育树，对人参与西洋参的种子进行鉴别研究。结果 人参与西洋参种子的种内遗传距离分别小于种间遗传距离，系统发育树图中各物种均聚为一支，来自9个产地的42份人参及西洋参的种子均为正品，且容易区分。结论 基于ITS2序列DNA条形码技术可以快速、准确、有效地鉴别人参与西洋参种质资源。

Objective Traditional identification methods of pharmacognosy is difficult to distinguish the seeds of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius. In order to improve the efficacy and accuracy of identification and provide the scientific foundation for the establishment of Chinese herbal medicine seed quality standards, molecular identification methods of the seeds were established by DNA barcoding technology. Methods The pharmacognostical identification method was used to study the morphological identification and microscopic characters of different seeds. DNA barcodes and Chinese Pharmacopoeia species standard barcode database were employed to identify the seeds by ITS2 sequence comparison, genetic distance comparison and systematic NJ tree construction. Results Intraspecific genetic distances of individuals participating were smaller than interspecific genetic distances. Phylogenetic tree map showed that two species were repectively clustered into one. A total of 42 samples of seeds from Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius produced by nine areas were all top-quality and easy to distinguish. Conclusion ITS2 DNA barcodes can identify and differentiate the seeds of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius germplasm resources quickly, accurately and efficiently.

R282.12

哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项基金项目（2017RAXXJ060）