[关键词]
[摘要]
酸枣仁是中医药治疗失眠的首选药物，酸枣仁皂苷类成分是其主要活性成分。目前已从酸枣仁及酸枣其他部位中获得51个皂苷类成分，根据苷元结构不同主要分为四环三萜和五环三萜类皂苷。随着对酸枣仁皂苷类成分研究的不断深入，主要发现其具有镇静安神、抗焦虑、抗抑郁、抗肿瘤及心肌保护等广泛药理作用。鉴于神经系统疾病对于人类健康危害日益严重，以及酸枣仁在防治神经系统疾病方面的重要作用，重点对酸枣仁皂苷类成分化学结构类型进行系统归纳，同时对酸枣仁皂苷类成分在神经系统方面的药理作用进行综述，以期为酸枣仁皂苷类成分的开发与利用提供科学参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) is the first choice for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of insomnia. The saponins are the main active ingredient of ZSS. At present, 51 kinds of saponin components have been obtained from ZSS, which are mainly classified into tetracyclic triterpenes and pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins according to the aglycon structure. With the deep research on the saponins from ZSS, it has been found that it has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as calming, anti-anxiety, anti-depression, anti-tumor, and myocardial protection. In view of the increasingly serious harm to human health caused by nervous system diseases and the important role of ZSS in the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases, this study focused on systematically summarizing the structural types of ZSS saponins and the pharmacological effects in the nervous system to provide a scientific reference for the development and utilization of ZSS saponins.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（81603251）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（81603289）；山西省科技厅中药现代化关键技术研究振东专项（2014ZD0306，2016ZD0105，2016ZD0104）；山西省基础研究计划自然科学基金项目（2015011105）；晋药综合开发利用协同创新中心项目（2017-JYXT-25）；山西中医药大学科技创新团队（2018TD-009）
