目的 探索传统润下药火麻仁Fructus Cannabis与人源肠道菌相互作用的特点。方法 运用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对火麻仁水煎液中主要的不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸和亚麻酸进行含量测定，采用固体与液体的体外厌氧培养方式，结合16 S rRNA技术分析火麻仁水煎液对人源肠道菌生长情况的影响，并采用HPLC法测定人源肠道菌对火麻仁水煎液中亚油酸与亚麻酸代谢的影响，同时对可能出现的新产物共轭亚麻酸及共轭亚油酸进行测定。结果 火麻仁水煎液显著促进了变形菌门Proteobacteria的生长，表现为大肠志贺杆菌Escherichia-shigella显著增多（P<0.01）、脆弱拟杆菌Bacteroides显著减少（P<0.01），故拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes的生长受到了抑制，而火麻仁水煎液中含有的不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸和亚麻酸经人源肠道菌代谢后含量均降低，且有代谢产物共轭亚油酸和共轭亚麻酸的生成。结论 火麻仁水煎液与人源肠道菌相互作用明显，药物能改变菌群结构，菌群能代谢药物成分，这种分析方法在一定程度上部分还原了药物口服途经肠道部位的物质代谢反应，为探明火麻仁在临床治疗中的物质基础提供了依据。

Objective To explore the characteristics of the interactions between traditional laxative medicine Cannabis Fructus and human gut microflora. Methods HPLC method was used to determine the content of the main unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction. At the same time, solid culture and liquid culture in vitro anaerobic culture method were combined with 16 S rRNA technology to analyze the interactions between Cannabis Fructus Decotion and human gut microflora. Moreover, the metabolits of linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction by human intestinal microflora were determined using HPLC method. At the same time, the possible conjugated linolenic acid and linoleic acid were determined. Results Cannabis Fructus Decoction promoted the growth of Proteobacteria significantly, which showed that Escherichia-shigella was significantly increased (P < 0.01), but the growth of Bacteroidetes was decreased (P < 0.01), and the content of unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid in Cannabis Fructus Decoction were reduced after being incubated with human intestinal bacteria, and the metabolites were conjugated linoleic acid and conjugated linolenic acid. Conclusion The interactions between Cannabis Fructus Decoction and human intestinal microflora are obvious. The Chinese medicine can change the structure of the gut microflora, and the gut microflora can metabolize the drug components. This analysis method partially restores the pharmacokinetics process of the oral administration drug in the human intestinal tract. It could provide a new insight of the mechanism research of Cannabis Fructus.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81503363）；河南中医学院省属高校基本科研业务费专项计划（2014KYYWF-QN06）；河南中医学院科技创新人才（2015XCXRC02）