中药挥发油的质量稳定是保证其发挥临床疗效及安全性的前提。目前，中药挥发油的质量参差不齐，同种药材不同产地、同种药材不同厂家、同种药材不同批次的中药挥发油都存在较大质量差异。对中药挥发油质量控制的现状及问题进行了分析，并提出了中药材种植与品种规范化、加工过程规范化、投料部位标准化、提取工艺标准化、提取设备标准化等对策，同时简要分析了挥发油在中成药中的应用现状及质量控制，以期为有效控制中药挥发油及其中成药的质量提供参考。

The quality stability of volatile oils in Chinese materia medica (CMM) is a prerequisite to ensure its clinical efficacy and safety. At present, the quality of volatile oils from CMM is uneven. There are great differences in the quality of volatile oils of same medicinal materials from different producing areas, different manufacturers, and different batches of herbs. This review analyzes the current situation and problems of the quality control of volatile oils from CMM, and proposes countermeasures for the standardization of cultivation and variety of Chinese herbal medicines, processing process, feeding parts, extraction process, and extraction equipment, etc. At the same time, the application status and quality control of volatile oils in Chinese patent medicines were briefly analyzed, aiming to provide reference for the effective control of the quality of volatile oils from CMM and Chinese patent medicines.

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（81703720）；江西中医药大学双一流学科建设项目（JXSYLXK-ZHYA0084）