细辛至今已有2 000多年药用历史，且应用广泛。近年来临床上时有细辛中毒报道，细辛毒性成分黄樟醚和马兜铃酸的安全问题也受到广泛关注。结合古今文献追溯细辛的历史用药沿革，剖析细辛中毒反应特点，从化学成分的角度探讨影响细辛毒性的因素与合理应用注意事项，以期为细辛临床安全合理的应用提供参考。

Asari Radix et Rhizoma has been used for more than 2000 years with wide application in medicine. In recent years, there are many poisoning cases of Asari Radix et Rhizoma being reported in clinic, the rational application in clinic of Asarum Radix et Rhizoma has been widely concerned due to its poisonous componets of safrole and aristolochic acid. The present paper traces the historical evolution of Asari Radix et Rhizoma through accessing Web of Science and multiple databases for biomedicinal sciences, and analyzes the characteristics of its toxic reaction, and discusses the matters needing attention in its rational application from the perspective of chemical composition, so as to promote the safe and reasonable application of Asari Radix et Rhizoma.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81673618，81403152）；教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金（20120013130002，20130013120001）