目的 采用HPLC特征指纹图谱结合化学计量学方法比较1～6年生川牛膝的的化学成分特征差异。方法 采用HPLC法测定1～6年生川牛膝的色谱图，建立6×54峰面积数据矩阵并进行特征峰差异分析，运用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对样品进行相似度分析，运用SPSS 22.0软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果 特征峰差异分析得出，1年生川牛膝在4个色谱峰处和6年生川牛膝在5个色谱峰处表现出组分专属性差异，1年生样品在4个色谱峰处峰面积明显高于其他年限样品，表现出较大的组分累积量差异。相似度分析得出3、4、5年生川牛膝相似度均大于0.98，1、2、6年生川牛膝相似度均小于0.85，聚类分析的树状图和主成分分析的得分三维图均将3、4、5年生川牛膝样品聚为一类。结论 不同生长年限川牛膝间化学组分存有一定的差异，其中3、4、5年生川牛膝化学组分趋于一致，为川牛膝采收时期提供科学的参考依据。

Objective HPLC characteristic fingerprint and chemometrics method were used to compare the chemical characteristics difference between 1-6 years old Cyathula offinalis. Methods The peak area data matrix of 6×54 and the difference of characteristic peak of 1-6 years old C. offinalis were analyzed by HPLC. Similarity analysis the samples was investigated with "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica 2004A". Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were carried out with SPSS 22.0 software. Results According to the analysis of characteristic peak difference, 1 and 6 years old C. offinalis showed exclusive difference in four chromatographic peaks and five chromatographic peaks, respectively. The peak area of 1 year old sample was significantly higher than other years in four chromatographic peaks, which showed obvious differences in components cumulant. The similarity degree analysis showed that the similarity degree of the 3, 4, and 5 years old C. offinalis were more than 0.98, but the 1, 2 and 6 years old were less than 0.85. Dendrogram of HCA and 3D scatter plot of PCA showed that the 3, 4, and 5 years old C. offinalis were clustered into one class. Conclusion There are certain differences in the chemical components among different growth years of C. offinalis. The chemical components of the 3, 4, and 5 years old C. offinalis tend to be uniform, which provides a scientific reference for the harvest time of C. offinalis.

国家中医药管理局国家中药标准化项目"川牛膝等4种中药饮片标准化建设"（ZYBZH-Y-SC-41）；四川省中医药管理局项目"川产道地药材综合开发与区域发展-川牛膝"（2017ZY001）