目的 对不同来源的苹果属植物叶片进行化学成分分析比较，为苹果属植物叶片的综合利用及资源开发奠定基础。方法 采用UPLC-DAD技术测定5种主要成分（根皮苷、三叶苷、根皮素、芦丁和槲皮苷）的含量，采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS代谢组学技术对苹果属不同种（品种）、不同产地来源的20种共40份叶片进行了化学成分检测，并结合统计软件对各组间化学成分进行了比较分析。结果 5种成分在苹果属不同来源植物叶片中含量差异较大，其中根皮苷普遍含有，质量分数相对较高，在1.01%～17.15%，根皮素、芦丁和槲皮苷也较广泛存在，而三叶苷则仅在真正苹果组的山荆子系和花楸苹果组中存在，苹果系和栽培品种中未检测到。代谢组学分析结果表明真正苹果组中苹果系和山荆子系化学成分差异显著，共发现26个差异标志物；不同产地来源的植物叶片化学成分有所不同；野生种与栽培种植物叶片化学成分相似。结论 苹果属植物叶片普遍含有根皮苷等多酚类成分，是潜在的药物和保健产品资源；该属植物叶片的化学成分种类和含量在不同组、系及产地间具有一定的差异，为合理利用该属植物奠定基础；另外，苹果属植物叶片资源丰富且可再生，值得进一步深入研究和开发。

Objective The aim of this experiment is to compare the chemical composition of Malus leaves from different origins, which can be as a fundamental research for the comprehensive utilization and resource development. Methods A UPLC-DAD method has been developed for the determination of five compounds (phlorizin, trilobatin, phloretin, rutin, and quercitrin) in Malus leaves, and UPLC-QTOF-MS based metabonomics was applied to the comparison among different groups from different origins and species. Results There were significant difference in the content of five compounds, of which phlorizin was widely contained and its content was relatively high in the range of 1.01% -17.15%. Phloretin, rutin, and quercutrin were also widespread, while the trilobatin was only in Ser. Baccatae (Rehd.) Rehd and Sect. Sorbomalus Zabel, which was not detected in the cultivating-varieties. The results of metobonomics showed that the chemical composition in leaves of Malus between Ser. Pumilae (Rehd). Rehd and Ser. baccatae (Rehd). Rehd were clearly distinguished, and 26 discrimination markers as the basis for distinction were identified; The chemical composition of Malus leaves from different sources of origins were different while the wild species were similar to the cultivating-varieties. Conclusion The Malus leaves generally contain phlorizin and other polyphenols, which are the potential drugs and health products resources; There is certain difference in chemical composition and content of Malus leaves, which provide the scientific basis for the next utilization; Malus leaves are so rich and renewable that are worthy of further research and development.

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程经费资助（2016-I2M-1-012）