黄芪是著名的补气中药，有良好的药用价值。近年来，黄芪在抗中枢神经损伤、退变等方面的研究取得了较为显著的进展。黄芪及其活性成分具有较好的抗神经炎症、抑制细胞凋亡、促进血管神经修复等多重效应，其机制可能与调控微观“气性”线粒体功能、恢复细胞代谢紊乱相关。从中枢神经系统的核心病理变化角度，论述黄芪及其活性成分的药理作用及可能的机制，梳理黄芪毒理研究现状，以期为黄芪用于中枢神经系统疾病的治疗提供一定的参考。

Astragali Radix (AR) is one of the most famous drugs for enhancing Qi in Chinese herbal medicines, and shows satisfactory medicinal value. Recently, AR has made significant progress in research of central nervous system (CNS) injury and neurodegeneration. AR and its active ingredients have satisfactory effects on modulation of nerve inflammation, inhibition of apoptosis, enhancement of vascular repair and neuroregeneration. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of microscopic Qi mitochondrial function and the recovery of cell metabolic disorders. In this article, we systematically discuss the pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of AR from the perspective of the core pathological changes, and evaluate its drug safety through combing of the related toxicology researches to provide a reference for application of AR in CNS disease treatments.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81704096）；上海市中医慢病（恶性肿瘤、骨退行性病变）临床医学中心重中之重项目（2017ZZ01010）