固氮蓝藻作为可以固氮的蓝藻类群，组成类别多样，可适应各种生境，能产生化学结构独特、性质各异、生物活性效果显著的大量初级和次级代谢物质。念珠藻等固氮蓝藻作为营养不良人群的营养补充品在我国有着悠久的食用历史。近年来国内外研究表明固氮蓝藻产生的生物活性物质在疾病防治方面应用前景广阔，其保健和疾病预防作用的物质基础和机制逐步揭示。对国内外近5年关于固氮蓝藻产生的具有抗氧化、清除自由基、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗凝血等功能的药理活性物质及其作用机制的研究进展进行综述和展望，以期为国内相关领域的发展提供借鉴。

As cyanobacteria with nitrogen-fixing ability, diazotrophic cyanobacteria can adapt to all kinds of habitat and produce many primary and secondary metabolic materials with unique chemical structures, diverse properties, and biological activities. As a nutritional supplement, diazotrophic cyanobacterium such as Nostoc has a long edible history in indigenous populations in China. In recent years, research results have shown that the bioactive substances produced by nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are promising candidates for the prevention and control of some human diseases, and the mechanisms of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria to achieve health and disease prevention are gradually revealed. This paper reviewed the progress in research and its mechanism of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in anti-oxidation, scavenging free radicals, antibiosis, antivirus, antitumor, antiinflammation, and anticoagulation in the past five years (2013-2017) at home and abroad. Moreover, the existing problems and the development directions in future were also discussed. We expect that it can provide reference for the further development of the related field in China.

广东省科技计划项目（2015A020209152，2016A030303050）；中山市社会公益科技研究项目（2018B1013）；华南农业大学群体微生物研究中心开放课题（IM20170301）