目的 研究半夏及其不同炮制品化学成分及功效的差异。方法 采用HPLC法测定半夏及其炮制品清半夏、姜半夏、法半夏水提取物中8种有效成分肌苷、鸟苷、腺苷、琥珀酸、盐酸麻黄碱、甘草苷、甘草酸铵、6-姜辣素含量；通过小鼠气管段酚红法和浓氨水刺激小鼠引咳法对半夏传统功效祛痰、止咳进行药效学研究。结果 半夏炮制品中肌苷、鸟苷、腺苷、琥珀酸、盐酸麻黄碱含量较半夏生品明显下降，法半夏中未检出肌苷。3种炮制品相比，清半夏中肌苷、鸟苷、腺苷、琥珀酸含量最高，姜半夏最低，与祛痰作用强弱一致，该4种成分是祛痰作用的活性成分，清半夏炮制时加入白矾，也增强其化痰功效；法半夏止咳作用最强，其次为半夏、清半夏，姜半夏作用最弱，法半夏经甘草、石灰水制后，辅料甘草（引入甘草苷、甘草酸铵）的加入增强了法半夏止咳作用。姜半夏经生姜、白矾制后，生姜（引入6-姜辣素）增强姜半夏止呕作用，减弱化痰、止咳作用。结论 半夏炮制后化学成分及功效均发生一定变化，不同炮制方法对其化学成分和功效的影响不同。

Objective To study the chemical constituents and effects of crude and processed Pinelliae Rhizoma. Methods The contents of inosine, guanosine, adenosine, succinic acid, ephedrine hydrochloride, liquiritin, glyeyrrhizie acid, and 6-gingerol of Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum were detected by HPLC. The pharmacodynamics of the traditional efficacy of expectorant and cough relieving was studied by stimulating mice with phenol red and concentrated ammonia in the trachea of mice. Results The contents of inosine, guanosine, adenosine, succinic acid, and ephedrine hydrochloride decreased significantly after processing, and inosine was not detected in Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine. Compared with the three processed products, the content of inosine, guanosine, adenosine and succinic acid was the highest in the Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine, the lowest was in Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine, and in consistent with the effect of resolving phlegm. The four components were the active components of resolving phlegm effect. Adding alumen during Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine processing has also enhanced its effectiveness. Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum has the strongest antitussive effect, followed by Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Alumine and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine. Adding licorice and lime water during Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum processing, licorice (peak 6:liquiritin, peak 7:ammonium glycyrrhizinate) had a powerful antitussive effect and enhanced its antitussive effect. After processing by ginger and white peony, ginger (peak 8:6-gingerol) is good at warming middle energizer to arrest vomiting, thus enhance antiemetic effect and weaken phlegm, cough effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine. Conclusion The chemical composition and efficacy of Pinelliae Rhizoma have changed after being processed, and different processing methods have different effects on its chemical composition and efficacy.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81173492）；国家中药标准行动计划项目“川贝母、半夏等7种中药饮片标准化建设”（ZYBZH-Y-SC-40）；四川省科技厅科技成果转化项目“半夏优质高产栽培及绿色加工技术成果转化”（2017CC0084）；半夏优质高产栽培技术集成及产业化示范（2050205）；“川蓬1号”、“川半夏1号”新品种成果转化（17CZ0013）；金川县、丹巴县中药材科技扶贫示范基地建设（2017NFP0001）；川产道地药材半夏新品种“川半夏1号”推广与示范（2016NFP0076）