目的 以蜜环菌和昭通乌天麻营养繁殖茎为实验材料，通过转录组测序比较分析，初步揭示蜜环菌天麻共生的分子机制。方法 采用Trizol Reagent（Invitrogen）提取营养繁殖茎样品中的RNA，建立测序文库并进行测序。结果 蜜环菌与天麻共生时有38 838条序列得到注释，在FDR（False Discovery Rate）<0.05和log2|FC|>1筛选条件下，共有23 333条基因发生显著差异表达，其中1 595条基因呈上调表达，21 738条呈下调表达。基于转录组数据分析结果，与胞外酶纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、漆酶以及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶相关的Unigene分别有21、6、39和6个，集中差异表达基因分别有9、3、23和4个，除1个纤维素酶基因上调表达外，其他均呈下调表达；与抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶有关的Unigene基因分别有13、7和17个，其中差异表达的基因分别有6、7和7个，都呈下调表达。此外，qRT-PCR分析验证了这些基因呈下调表达。结论 蜜环菌侵染天麻与其共生的过程中，蜜环菌的生命活动减弱，同时未受到天麻胁迫作用。这为进一步研究天麻蜜环菌共生分子机制提供了大量有价值的基因资源。

Objective In this study, Armillaria mellea and Zhaotong Gastrodia elata vegetative stems were used as the experimental material to reveal the symbiosis molecular mechanism of A. mellea infecting G. elata through comparative transcriptome sequencing analysis. Methods Trizor reason (invitrogen) was used to extract RNA from vegetative propagation stem samples, and the sequencing library was established and sequenced. Results The results showed that 38 838 sequences were annotated when G. elata symbiosis with A. mellea. Under false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and log2 value (fold change) > 1 screening conditions, there were significant differences in expression levels among the 23 333 genes, in which 1 595 genes up-regulated and 21 738 down-regulated expression. Based on the transcriptome analysis, unigenes associated with the extracellular enzyme gene cellulase, xylanase, laccase, and polygalacturonase genes were 21, 6, 39, and 6 genes, respectively, in which the number of corresponding differentially expressed genes were 9, 3, 23, and 4, respectively. The expression of all these unigenes were down-regulated except for one cellulase genes. The number of unigenes related to anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were 13, 7, and 17, respectively. The differentially expressed genes respectively were 6, 7, and 7, all of which were down-regulated. In addition, these genes were selectively confirmed by real-time PCR. Conclusion The life activites of A. mellea which infect and symbiosis with G. elata declined, meanwhile G. elata did not produce biological stress for A. mellea. This study provides a lot of valuable genetic resources for further studying the symbiosis molecular mechanism of A. mellea and G. elata.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31560351，31260297）