目的 比较子芩与枯芩（均为黄芩的根）体外抗菌活性及体内对肺炎大鼠的药效学差异。方法 采用体外实验，以二倍微量稀释法测定子芩与枯芩对肺炎链球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）；体内实验以肺炎大鼠为模型，选择体温、肺脏指数、血常规检测以及大鼠肺部病理切片为评价指标评价子芩与枯芩对肺炎大鼠作用的药效学差异；采用偏最小二乘-判别分析（PLS-DA）法，对子芩和枯芩的抗菌活性及病理指标进行分析。结果 子芩对肺炎链球菌的MIC为0.5 g/mL，枯芩的MIC为0.25 g/mL；子芩和枯芩均能显著降低肺炎大鼠的体温、肺脏指数、全血中白细胞数、中性粒细胞数和淋巴细胞数；PLS-DA分析显示子芩与枯芩的体外抗菌活性及体内抗肺炎活性具有显著差异。结论 子芩与枯芩对肺炎均具有一定的治疗作用，两者的作用强度有明显差异，枯芩作用优于子芩。

Objective To compare the pharmacodynamic effects of Scutellaria baicalensis pith-nodecayed and S. baicalensis pith-decayed on pneumonia. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. baicalensis pith-nodecayed and S. baicalensis pith-decayed on Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined by in vitro experiments with double dilution method. In vivo experiments, taking pneumonia rat as model, body temperature and lung weight coefficient, blood test and pathological section of lung in rats were used as evaluation index to evaluate the pharmacodynamic difference of the effect of S. baicalensis pith-nodecayed and S. baicalensis pith-decayed on pneumonia rats. S. baicalensis pith-nodecayed and S. baicalensis pith-decayed antibacterial activity and pathological indicators were analyzed with PLS-DA. Results The MIC of S. baicalensis pith-nodecayed to Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.5 g/mL, and the MIC of S. baicalensis pith-decayed to Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.25 g/mL. Both S.baicalensis pith-nodecayed and S. baicalensis pith-decayed could significantly reduce the inhibitory concentration body temperature, lung weight coefficient, white blood cell count, neutrophil number, and lymphocyte number in whole blood. PLS-DA showed that there were significant differences in the pharmacological effects of S. baicalensis pith-nodecayed and S. baicalensis pith-decayed. Conclusion S. baicalensis pith-nodecayed and S. baicalensis pith-decayed have a certain effect on the treatment of pneumonia, the role of the strength of the two have significant differences, the role of S. baicalensis pith-decayed is better.

国家中医药管理局2015中药炮制技术传承基地建设项目（国中医药规财发［2015］21号）；科技部基础专项（2014FY111100-2）