动物类中药材是中华医药宝库中重要的组成部分，药用历史悠久，功效显著。随着野生动物资源的破坏和日益增长的市场需求，动物类药物中混伪品掺杂现象时有发生，为其临床应用带来了安全隐患。线粒体DNA因其严格的母系遗传特征和丰富的遗传多样性，被广泛应用于动物群体遗传、谱系生物地理和系统发育等研究领域。近年来，线粒体DNA标记在动物类药材分子鉴定中的应用日益广泛，并取得了丰硕的成果，为动物类药物的质量控制提供了技术保障。对COI、Cyt b、12S rRNA等线粒体DNA标记在动物类药材分子鉴定中的应用现状进行总结，结合课题组前期的研究结果，对线粒体DNA分子标记技术在动物类药材鉴定中的后续应用开发进行了展望，以期为我国药用动物资源的合理利用提供参考和借鉴。

Animal medicinal materials are important parts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a long history and remarkable efficacy. Due to the destruction of wild animal resources and increasingly market demands, the adulterations of animals medicinal materials have become more common in medicine market and bring security risks for clinical application. In recent years, mitochondrial DNA is widely used in the field of animal population genetics, phylogeography, and phylogenetic development due to its maternally inherited features and abundant genetic diversity, and has achieved fruitful results in the field of molecular identification, which provides technical support for quality control of animal medicinal materials. This paper summarizes the application value and research status of COI, Cyt b, and 12S rRNA in the identification of animal medicinal materials, and gives a brief discussion on the follow-up development of mtDNA marker technique in the identification of animal medicinal materials in combination with previous result, which provides technical support for reasonable utilization of medicinal animal resources.

国家中医药管理局公益性行业科研专项经费项目（201507002-4-4）