来源于微生物的链霉素在人类战胜结核病的历史上具有里程碑式的意义，也引导了氨基糖苷类抗生素药物的研发。作为继青霉素之后第2种可应用于临床的抗生素，链霉素的发现归功于Waksman博士对土壤中微生物长达20余年坚持不懈的系统研究，也得益于多个学科的诸多科学家的辛勤努力。抗生素的系统实验方法以及链霉素的发现极大地推动了20世纪40年代抗生素的发展。通过回顾著名药物链霉素的研发历程，以此纪念前辈科学家的卓越贡献，同时希望能够给予从事相关研究的年轻科学工作者以激励与启迪。

Streptomycin isolated from microorganism is a major milestone in human history to beat tuberculosis, and guides the research of aminoglycoside antibiotics. As the second antibiotics which could be used in clinic after penicillin, the discovery of streptomycin owed much to the systematic research of Dr. Selman Abraham Waksman on microorganism in moil for more than 20 years and hard work of many scientists from different subjects. The systematic experimental method that found antibiotics was built by Dr. S A Waksman and the discovery of streptomycin greatly promoted the development of antibiotics in 1940s. This paper reviewed the study process of streptomycin development and the outstanding contributions of related scientists. At the same time, hoping to encourage the young scientists to work hard and make great contribution for the benefit of humanity. This is one of the series papers about historical story on natural medicinal chemistry.

国家自然科学基金青年基金资助（81602978）；英国先正达研究基金会资助（2016-HebeiMedicalUniversity-Syngenta-05）；河北医科大学教育科学研究课题（2014yb-21，2016yb-9）；2016年河北医科大学校内科研发展基金（kyfz111）