从化学成分角度研究中药配伍理论是当前阐释方剂遣药组方原理的重要手段。中药复方中的化学成分类别众多，包括生物碱类、苷类、有机酸类、鞣质类、蛋白质及微量元素等。中药复方水煎煮过程中，有效成分溶出后便会不可避免地发生复杂的相互作用并生成自沉淀。传统中医认为自沉淀应与汤药同服，自沉淀的形成蕴含着中药配伍理论的科学内涵，因此复方水煎自沉淀现象引起了广大学者的关注。通过总结近年来的相关研究成果，介绍了复方中不同类别有效成分间的相互作用及水煎自沉淀现象的研究进展，为中药复方水煎自沉淀的进一步研究奠定基础，同时为阐释中药组方配伍理论提供新思路。

Recently, the Chinese materia medica (CMM) compatibility theory research was focused on aspect of chemical composition, which is an important strategy to explain the principle of prescriptions. There are various chemical compositions in a compound prescription of CMM, including alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids, tannins, protein, micro elements and so on. Complex interactions always inevitably occur during the water decoction process of CMM prescription after the dissolution of active ingredients, most significantly, it also generates the precipitation. Clinically, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat diseases with both precipitation and decoction. Precipitation generated process might contain the scientific connotation of CMM compatibility. Thus, the scientists had been studying the precipitation from this process. Through summarizing the results of related researches in recent years, this review introduces different interactions of various active ingredients in compound prescriptions and research progress of precipitation in decoction, aiming to lay a foundation for further study on the precipitation from CMM decoction and provide a new idea to explain the theory of CMM compatibility.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81603256）；北京中医药大学中青年教师面上项目（2015-JYB-JSMS023）；北京中医药大学创新团队资助项目（2011-CXTD-15）；国家级大学生创新创业训练项目201710026044）；北京市中药新药与物质基础研究重点实验室项目（北京，100102）