目的 系统了解罗勒Ocimum basilicum花和叶的转录组特征，丰富罗勒转录组数据信息。方法 选取罗勒新鲜花朵和叶片为材料，利用Illumina HiSeq^TM 2500进行高通量测序，构建罗勒花和叶转录组文库，并用测序评估、转录组数据组装和基因功能注释等生物信息学方法进行分析。结果 对原始数据进行除杂之后，共获得86 331 137个reads片段，包含了6 455 365 309个核苷酸序列信息；将质控后得到的高质量序列进行de novo拼接，得到了90 341个Unigene片段。将Unigene与COG数据库进行比对表明，罗勒的花和叶转录组中的Unigene根据功能可大致分为25类；根据GO功能分类可大致分为生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类43分支；利用KEGG数据库作为参考，依据代谢通路可以将转录组中的数据分成111类，包括生化代谢通路、植物病原体互作、DNA剪切、植物激素生物合成、苯丙氨酸生物合成、萜类化合物与类固醇类化合物合成、脂类代谢、RNA降解等。MISA软件成功设计15 617对SSR引物，检测到10 254个SNP位点。结论 研究结果为后期罗勒功能基因的挖掘、代谢途径及调控机制的研究奠定了理论基础。

Objective To understand the transcriptome data of flowers and leaves of Ocimum basilicum, and analyze the transcriptome sequencing and bioinforamtics of O. basilicum. Methods Selecting fresh flowers and leaves of O. basilicum as samples, the transcriptome libraries of O. basilicum were constructed using Illumina HiSeqTM 2500 sequencing technique and analyzed using the bioinformatics methods subsequently, such as sequencing assess, transcriptome data assembly, and gene function annotation. Results After transcriptome sequencing and removing insignificant reads, 86 331 137 reads of O. basilicum were obtained. All of the reads contained 6 455 365 309 nucleotides. After de novo splicing, 90 341 Unigenes were obtained. The Unigenes were aligned in COG database, and searching result demonstrated that UniGenes were devided into 25 classes according to function. The Unigene GO functions could be broadly divided into biological processes, cellular components and molecular function categories of 43 branches. In KEGG database, the data in transcriptome could be divided into 111 classes according to the metabolic pathway which included the biochemical pathway in plants-Pathogens interaction, terpenoid and steroid compounds synthesis, lipid metabolism, RNA degradation and so on. Totally 15 617 pairs of SSR primers were successful designed by MISA software, and 10 254 SNP loci were detected. Conclusion The results of this study can provide the further development of functional gene excavation, mentabolic pathways and their regulatory mechanism for O. basilicum with theatrical basis.

四川省科技厅科技支撑计划项目（2016NZ0058）；四川省教育厅重点科研项目（16ZA0323）；2016年地方高校国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201610639002，201610639014）