目的 对福建省23个不同地理种源的南方红豆杉Taxus chinensis var. mairei进行分析，以揭示其种源和种群的遗传多样性，为南方红豆杉资源的收集与保护提供一定的理论依据。方法 利用RAPD分子标记技术，对福建省23个不同地理种源的南方红豆杉的遗传多样性进行分析。结果 物种水平上的观测等位基因数（N_a）为1.974 4，有效等位基因数（N_e）为1.603 8，Nei's基因多样性指数（H）为0.351 3，Shannon多样性指数（I）为0.522 8。不同种源的南方红豆杉的遗传多样性相对较高。通过对种源和种群的遗传多样性分析，发现23个不同种源的南方红豆杉的遗传距离变化幅度为0.240 4～0.912 0，遗传相似度的变化幅度为0.401 7～0.786 3。7个不同种群的南方红豆杉群体的遗传距离变化幅度为0.021 0～0.379 4，遗传相似度的变化幅度为0.684 3～0.979 2。根据Nei法计算南方红豆杉7个种群遗传多样性遗传相似度（D_st）为0.108 8，分化指数（G_st）为0.369 0，基因流系数（N_m）为0.855 0，总的遗传变异中有36.9%的变异存在于群体间，群体内的变异63.1%，种群内存在明显分化。结论 不同种源间的南方红豆杉存在一定的遗传变异，但不同种群间的南方红豆杉群体的相似度又比较高，亲缘关系较近。

Objective To reveal the genetic diversity of provenances and populations of Taxus chinensis var. mairei in Fujian province from 23 orgins, providing certain theoretical foundation for the preservation and protection. Methods RAPD molecular marker technology was used to study the genetic diversity of T. chinensis var. mairei in Fujian province. Results The number of observed allele was 1.974 4, the number of effective alleles was 1.603 8, the average value of the Nei's genetic diversity was 0.351 3 and the Shannon's information index was 0.522 8. And there existed more accurate information on genetic relationship, diversity among different geographical provenances. The genetic distance of those 23 species ranged from 0.104 to 0.620 7, the genetic coefficients of 23 varieties ranged from 0.401 7 to 0.786 3. The genetic distance of seven T. chinensis var. mairei of different populations ranged from 0.021 0 to 0.379 4, the genetic coefficients ranged from 0.684 3 to 0.979 2. According to Nei's method calculation of T. chinensis var. mairei, those seven different populations' genetic diversity was D_st = 0.108 8, differentiation index G_st = 0.369 0, and gene flow coefficient N_m = 0.855 0. 36.9% of the total genetic variation existed among populations, the variation within populations was only 63.1%, and analysis showed high differentiation existed in provenances. Conclusion There is a certain heritable variation among different provenances of T. chinensis var. mairei, but there still exists more accurate information and high similarity coefficients among different populations.

福建省科技创新平台：福建省中药材GAP工程技术研究中心（2008Y2001）