目的 研究滇重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis自然居群的遗传多样性，为滇重楼资源的保护和合理利用提供数据。方法 采用SSR分子标记对滇重楼5个不同居群共115份样品进行遗传多样性分析。结果 筛选出8对可用SSR引物，多态位点百分率（PPB）为100%，多态信息量（PIC）为0.745 6。在居群水平和物种水平上，观测等位基因数（N_a）分别为8.425 0和17.750 0，有效等位基因数（N_e）分别为4.960 9和7.500 7，观测杂合度（H_o）分别为0.295 5和0.294 8，期望杂合度（H_e）分别为0.654 8和0.774 4，Shannon's信息指数（I）分别为1.520 1和2.038 6。遗传分化系数（F_st）为0.172 8，基因流（N_m）为1.196 6。利用UPGMA聚类分析，将5个居群分为2类。结论 滇重楼遗传多样性水平较高，居群内和居群间具有一定的遗传分化。对保护和发展滇重楼资源提出若干措施，为滇重楼的保护和科学可持续利用提供参考。

Objective The genetic diversity of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis germplasmic resources in natural populations was analyzed by simple sequence repeat marker for protection and rational utilization. Methods A total of 115 individuals of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis collected from five natural populations were analyzed by SSR marker for genetic diversity analysis. Results Eight pairs of SSR primers were screened. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed:The percentage of polymorphic bands was 100%, the polymorphism information content was 0.745 6. At the population level and species level, the observed number of allele was 8.425 0 and 17.750 0, respectively, the effective number of allele was 4.960 9 and 7.500 7, respectively, the observed heterozygosity was 0.295 5 and 0.294 8, respectively, the expected heterozygosity was 0.654 8 and 0.774 4, respectively, and the Shannon's information index was 1.520 1 and 2.038 6, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient was 0.172 8 and the gene flow was 1.196 6. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis, the five populations of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis were divided into two clades. Conclusion The level of genetic diversity of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis was relatively high and there was certain genetic differentiation within and among populations. This study puts forward several suggestions for the protection and development of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis resources, which will be helpful for protection and sustainable utilization of scientific advice and reference.

云南省林业厅科技创新项目（2016CX02）；云南省科技计划项目科技惠民计划（2013CA002）