目的 研究华重楼皂苷类成分及药材生物量积累速度的时间、空间分布规律（随植株生长年限、采挖季节的变化规律及在不同部位的积累特征），明确最佳种植年限、采收季节、入药部位。方法 建立了基于高效液相色谱法-蒸发光散射检测器（HPLC-ELSD）同时测定华重楼6种皂苷（重楼皂苷I、II、VI、VII、V、H）量的方法以检测皂苷量的变化；采用烘干法测定药材折干率以指示生物量积累速度。结果 华重楼根茎折干率同生长年限呈正相关，8年生最高；随着采收月份呈波浪式，6月和1月为波峰；总皂苷构成以重楼皂苷VII、H为主，总皂苷量随着生长年限呈“V”字型，2年和8年为顶点；随着采收季节呈波浪式，3月和11月为波峰；植株不同部位的总皂苷分布差异明显，茎叶总皂苷量 > 根茎尖段总皂苷量 > 根茎中段总皂苷量≈根茎尾段总皂苷量，其中重楼皂苷VII的分布从茎叶向根茎尾端呈明显下降趋势，而重楼皂苷H则呈显著上升趋势。结论 生长年限、采收季节、植株部位对华重楼皂苷的累积有明显影响，人工栽培华重楼最佳种植年限为8年、最佳采收季节为11月；仅采用根茎尾段入药会降低商品药材质量；重楼皂苷VII可能同华重楼的萌芽和茎叶生长有关；茎叶可作为获取重楼皂苷的重要资源，对于扩大药源，提高资源利用效率有重要意义。

Objective To obtain the optimum cultivation period and best harvesting month of P. polyphylla var. chinensis by studying on change regularity of biomass accumulation rate and steroid saponins from P. polyphylla var. chinensis with the changes of its harvesting time and medicinal parts. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method was established to characterize content of six steroid saponins (Paris saponins I, II, VI, VII, V, and H) from P. polyphylla var. chinensis and its dynamic change regularity was detected; Drying rate was measured by oven-dry method to indicate biomass accumulation rate. Results Drying rate increased with the planting ages and reached the highest level in the eighth year. There was a waving trend between drying rate and harvesting time and drying rate reached crest in January and June; The main steroid saponins of P. polyphylla var. chinensis were Paris saponin VII and Paris saponin H. The content of total saponins varied by ‘V’ shaped with the increases of planting-year and reached the highest in the second and eighth year, and it changed by waving shape with the change of harvesting month and reached the crest in March and November; There was a distinct difference of total saponins among different parts of P. polyphylla var. chinensis:stems and leaves > rhizome-forepart > rhizome-middle-part ≈ rhizome-end-part. The distribution of paris saponins VII decreased obviously from stems to rhizome-end-part while paris saponins H increased gradually. Conclusion There were remarkable correlations among steroid saponins accumulation amounts and planting ages, harvesting month, and medicinal parts. The optimum cultivation period is eight years and best harvesting month is in November; The quality of medicinal materials would decline if only rhizome-end-part to be used; Paris saponin VII maybe a relative factor for germination and growth of P. polyphylla var. chinensis; Stems of P. polyphylla var. chinensis can be an important resource to extract steroid saponins, which have a profound significance to broaden resources of medicinal plants and improve resources utilization efficiency.

国家自然科学基金项目（81573545，81001606）；霍英东教育基金项目（121045）；四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目（2017JY0137）；四川省崇州市现代农业创新驱动试点区（2015-CX00-00004-ZF）