目的 研究河北省秦皇岛市柽柳居群遗传多样性和亲缘关系，也为柽柳的杂交育种和个体鉴定提供依据。方法 采用ISSR分子标记技术，以白花柽柳、松柏柽柳和刚毛柽柳为对照研究秦皇岛29份柽柳的遗传多样性。结果 筛选的9条ISSR引物扩增出114个DNA位点，110个多态位点，占总位点的96.49%。32份柽柳的平均有效等位基因数为1.5437，平均Nei's基因多样性指数为0.3203，平均Shannon信息指数为0.4842。基于ISSR分子标记数据建立的UPGMA亲缘关系聚类图，32份柽柳在遗传距离28.79处将32份柽柳分成2大类群；同时利用多态性ISSR引物构建32份柽柳的分子指纹图谱。结论 秦皇岛柽柳遗传多样性非常丰富，ISSR分子标记技术可以有效地用于柽柳资源评价和指纹图谱构建。

Objective To study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship on Tamarix chinensis of Qinhuangdao in Hebei province, and to establish their DNA fingerprints, which will provide some guidance for crossbreeding and cultivar identification of T. chinensis. Methods Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of 32 T. chinensis individuals and the DNA fingerprints were established by Popgene software. Results Nine ISSR primers produced 114 loci, of which 110 were polymorphisms, and the percentage of polymorphic loci was up to 96.49% among 32 individuals. The average value of the effective number of alleles, Nei's genetic diversity and Shannon's information index were 1.543 7, 0.320 3, and 0.484 2, respectively. Based on the unweighted pari group method with arithmetic average(UPGMA) and ISSR molecular markers, the 32 T. chinensis were divided into two groups at the genetic distance of 28.79. In addition, the DNA fingerprints for 32 individuals were established by polymorphic ISSR primers. There existed abundant genetic diversity among 32 individuals. ISSR molecular markers could be effectively used in genetic diversity and fingerprint analysis for T. chinensis.

国家林业科技支撑计划项目（2009BADB2B0105）；中央财政支持项目[（2015）005]；河北省科技厅项目(10225520)