目的 研究叶下珠Phyllanthus urinaria全草的化学成分。方法 应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、RP₁₈、MCI-gel柱色谱和半制备HPLC等色谱方法对叶下珠的乙醇提取物进行分离纯化；根据理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果 从叶下珠95%乙醇提取物的石油醚和醋酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到16个化合物，分别鉴定为没食子酸（1）、咖啡酸（2）、没食子酸乙酯（3）、没食子酸甲酯（4）、4-乙氧基苯甲酸（5）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（6）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（7）、(4R,6R)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide（8）、(4R,6S)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide（9）、aquilegiolide（10）、menisdaurilide（11）、cassipourol（12）、(9Z,12Z)-nonadeca-9,12-dienoic acid（13）、亚油酸甲酯（14）、豆甾醇（15）、(8R,8'S,7S)-4'-(3"-methoxyrhamnopyranosyl) oxy-8'-hydroxy-3,3',4-trimethoxy-8-hydroxymethyl-lign-7,9'-lactone（16）。结论 化合物5～7、10、11、13、14为首次从该植物中分离得到，化合物8、9、12、16为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria. Methods Compounds were isolated and purified by the normal phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel, RP-18, and semi-manufactured preparation HPLC method. Their structures were identified by the methods of ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR combined with physicochemical property. Results Sixteen compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fraction in 95% ethanol extract of P. urinaria and their structures were gallic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), ethyl gallate (3), methyl gallate (4), 4-ethoxybenzoic acid (5), diisobutyl phthalate (6), dibutyl phthalate (7), (4R,6R)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide (8), (4R,6S)-2,3-dihydromenisdaurilide (9), aquilegiolide (10), menisdaurilide (11), cassipourol (12), (9Z,12Z)-nonadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (13), methyl linoleate (14), stigmasterol (15), and (8R,8'S,7S)-4'-(3"-methoxyrhamnopyranosyl) oxy-8'-hydroxy-3,3',4-trimethoxy-8-hydroxymethyl-lign-7-9'-lactone (16). Conclusion Compounds 5-7, 10, 11, 13, and 14 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 8, 9, 12, and 16 are first isolated from the plants in genus Phyllanthus L. for the first time.

成都中医药大学中药基础基地科研训练及科研能力提高项目；国家基础科学人才培养基金（J1310034）