目的 从杜仲Eucommia ulmoides叶和果实中分离具有抑菌作用的内生真菌。方法 采用平板培养法从杜仲叶片和果实中分离内生真菌，通过对峙法和生长速率法考察这些内生真菌的抑菌活性，并通过HPLC法考察其具有代谢产生杜仲有效活性成分的能力。对具有良好抑菌效果和能够代谢杜仲活性成分的内生真菌进行ITS序列测定，鉴定其归属。结果 从健康叶片和果实中分离到52株内生真菌，其中2个菌株的提取液中含有绿原酸，11个菌株至少对4种病原菌具有抑制作用，其中29号菌株（链格孢属Alternaria sp.）对芽孢杆菌Fusarium graminearum的抑制效果最好，其抑制率高达82.6%。通过与GenBank数据比对，这些内生真菌分别属于链格孢属Alternaria、黑孢属Niqrospora和座囊菌纲（Dothideomycetes）。结论 从杜仲叶和果实中分离到11株具有抑菌作用的内生真菌，这些具有抑菌作用的内生真菌可用于生物制药和农业产业。

Objective To isolate endophytic fungi from the leaves and fruits of Eucommia ulmoides and evaluate their antimicrobial activity.Methods The endophytic fungi from the leaves and fruits of E. ulmoides were isolated by plate culture method, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by standoff method, and the ability of producing bioactive compounds of E. ulmoides was investigated by HPLC. Results A total of 52 endophytic fungi were isolated from segments of healthy the leaves and fruits E. ulmoides. Extract of two strains had a retention time identical to that of authentic chlorogenic acid. Eleven out of 52 strains exhibited antimicrobial activity to four or more fungal pathogens. The strain 29 (Alternaria SP.) showed maximum inhibition against Fusarium graminearum, and the radial growth inhibition was 82.6%. These endophytic fungi belonged to genus Alternaria, Niqrospora, and Dothideomycetes compared with the fungal sequence database at GenBank. Conclusion Plenty of endophytic fungi from the leaves and fruits of E. ulmoides are found and 11 strains have antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these endophytic fungi could be exploited in the biotechnological medicine and agricultural industry.

河南省教育厅自然科学重点项目（15B360001）；中国博士后基金项目（2013M531668）；河南大学科研基金项目（ZZJJ20140047）