姜黄素(curcumin)为小分子植物酸性多酚,是姜黄的主要药效成分,综述近年来姜黄素治疗多种中枢神经系统疾病的生物学机制研究进展。姜黄素可抑制β淀粉样蛋白合成与蓄积,调节胰岛素信号通路,改善阿尔茨海默病患者空间学习记忆能力;具有抗炎、减轻血管源性脑水肿等神经保护作用;抑制帕金森病星形胶质细胞增生,减轻氧化应激损伤;影响即早反应基因表达、抑制mTORC1通路等抗癫痫;恢复海马对HPA轴的抑制等抗抑郁;降低JNK/MCP-1信号转导功能抗神经病理性痛;调控癌基因,抑制Hh通路,阻止肿瘤细胞侵袭、转移与增殖,促进神经组织功能修复。姜黄素作为治疗多种中枢神经系统疾病的潜力药物,以其疗效显著、副作用小等特点具有广阔的开发与临床应用前景,但姜黄素在发挥干预中枢神经系统疾病作用的信号网络或分子生物学机制、生物利用度的提高、先进制剂技术与新剂型的研发等方面仍需更多实验研究加以深入探讨。

Curcumin, a small molecular plant acidic polyphenol, is the main active ingredient in Curcumae Longae Rhizoma. In this paper, we review the biological mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. First of all, it can inhibit the synthesis and accumulation of β-amyloid protein, regulate insulin signal pathway, so as to improve the spatial learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease brains. Second, it also can inhibit the astrocytes proliferation and restrain the injury of moreover, it has the function of anti-epilepsy by influencing the expression of the immediate early genes, inhibiting mTORC1 pathway, recovering the inhibitory function of hippocampus on HPA axis for anti-depression, reducing neuropathic pain by decreasing JNK/MCP-1 pathway, evaluating the functional recovery of nerve tissue by modulating oncogene, inhibiting Hh pathway, preventing the invasion, transmission, and proliferation of tumor cells; At last, it has neuroprotective effect, such as anti-inflammation or alleviating vasogenic brain edema. Curcumin, as a potential drug for the treatment of central nervous system diseases, has wide prospects on explosion and application because of its significant curative effect with little side effect. But it still needs more research on its molecular mechanism of signal network and advanced preparation technique to promote its bioavailability and development of new dosage forms.

广西自然科学基金项目(2014GXNSFBA118172);广西高校科学技术研究项目(KY2015YB229,KY2015YB141);广西高校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201410599009);广西高校重点实验室开放课题(gxzdsysyy2015207)